How Do You Get HIV?

This post was written with Consensus AI Academic Search Engine – please read our Disclaimer at the end of this article. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. If not treated, it can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Understanding how HIV is transmitted is crucial for prevention and management. This article explores the primary modes of HIV transmission.

Sexual Transmission

One of the most common ways HIV is transmitted is through sexual contact. This includes vaginal, anal, and oral sex. The virus is present in the bodily fluids of an infected person, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and rectal fluids. During unprotected sex, these fluids can enter the body of an uninfected person, leading to infection. The risk of transmission is significantly reduced when the HIV-positive partner is on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and has a suppressed viral load1.

Blood Transmission

HIV can also be transmitted through blood. This can occur in several ways:

• Sharing Needles: People who inject drugs and share needles or syringes are at high risk of HIV transmission. The virus can be transferred from the blood of an infected person to the next user.
• Blood Transfusions: Although rare in countries with rigorous blood screening processes, HIV can be transmitted through transfusions of infected blood or blood products.
• Accidental Needle Sticks: Healthcare workers are at risk of HIV transmission through accidental needle sticks or exposure to infected blood.

Mother-to-Child Transmission

HIV can be transmitted from an HIV-positive mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. This is known as vertical transmission. However, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be significantly reduced with the use of ART during pregnancy and by avoiding breastfeeding if safe alternatives are available1.

Prevention Strategies

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

ART is highly effective in reducing the risk of HIV transmission. Studies have shown that early initiation of ART in HIV-positive individuals leads to a sustained decrease in genetically linked HIV infections in their sexual partners. In the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 trial, early ART was associated with a 93% lower risk of linked partner infection compared to delayed ART1.

Safe Practices

• Condom Use: Consistent and correct use of condoms during sex can significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
• Needle Exchange Programs: Providing clean needles to people who inject drugs can help prevent the spread of HIV.
• Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): PrEP is a medication taken by HIV-negative individuals at high risk of infection to prevent HIV.

Conclusion

HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, blood, and from mother to child. Understanding these transmission routes and implementing effective prevention strategies, such as ART, condom use, and needle exchange programs, are essential in reducing the spread of HIV. Early initiation of ART has been shown to significantly lower the risk of transmission, highlighting the importance of timely treatment and management.

Disclaimer

The content presented in this blog is generated by Consensus, an AI-powered academic search engine, and is based on publicly available scientific literature. While every effort is made to provide accurate, up-to-date, and well-researched information, the content is intended for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any decisions regarding medical conditions, treatments, or medications. The AI system’s analysis may not cover all perspectives, emerging research, or individual cases, and it is not a substitute for professional expertise. Neither the blog publisher nor the developers of the AI-powered search engine are responsible for any actions taken based on the information provided in this content. Use of this information is at your own risk. Citations to the original scientific studies are included for reference, but these studies should be reviewed in full and interpreted with the guidance of a healthcare or research professional.

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