What Are Crane Flies?

Check out this answer from Consensus:

Crane flies are a common insect with a significant impact on turf and agriculture due to their larval feeding habits. Effective management of crane fly populations is essential to prevent damage to plants and maintain healthy landscapes.

Crane flies are a group of insects belonging to the family Tipulidae, which are often mistaken for large mosquitoes. They are characterized by their slender bodies, long legs, and wings that can span up to 2.5 inches. Despite their mosquito-like appearance, crane flies do not bite humans or animals.

Habitat and Distribution

Crane flies are found in a variety of habitats, including wetlands, forests, and grasslands. They are particularly prevalent in areas with moist soil, which is essential for the development of their larvae. The larvae, often referred to as “leatherjackets,” are typically found in the soil where they feed on decaying organic matter and plant roots.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of crane flies includes four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The adult crane flies emerge from the pupal stage and are primarily active during the late summer and fall. They have a short lifespan, during which their primary purpose is to mate and lay eggs. The larvae develop in the soil and can cause damage to turf and crops by feeding on the roots.

Impact on Turf and Agriculture

Crane fly larvae can be a significant pest in turfgrass and agricultural settings. They feed on the roots of grasses and other plants, which can lead to yellowing, thinning, and even death of the plants. This is particularly problematic on golf courses and lawns, where maintaining healthy turf is essential. Control measures often involve the use of insecticides to manage larval populations effectively1.

Control Measures

Effective control of crane fly populations often requires the use of insecticides, as demonstrated in trials conducted on golf courses in Washington. These trials tested various turf insecticide formulations to manage larval populations. The treatments involved both liquid and granular formulations, which were applied and watered-in to target the larvae in the soil. The timing of these treatments is crucial, as applying them too late can reduce their effectiveness1.