What Is a Chalazion?

Understanding Chalazion

This post was written with Consensus AI Academic Search Engine – please read our Disclaimer at the end of this article. A chalazion is a chronic, sterile lipogranuloma that occurs due to the obstruction and inflammation of the sebaceous glands in the eyelids. Specifically, a deep chalazion results from inflammation of the tarsal meibomian glands, while a superficial chalazion is caused by inflammation of the Zeis glands1. These lesions are benign and are characterized by a localized swelling on the eyelid.

Pathophysiology

The development of a chalazion involves the blockage of the meibomian glands, which are responsible for secreting oils that form part of the tear film. This blockage leads to the accumulation of glandular secretions, resulting in inflammation and the formation of a lipogranuloma. In some cases, Demodex mites have been identified as a potential cause, as they can lead to mechanical obstruction of the meibomian glands2.

Clinical Presentation

Chalazia typically present as painless, localized swellings on the eyelid. They can vary in size and may cause cosmetic concerns or, in some cases, visual disturbances if they grow large enough to press against the eye. The size of a chalazion can range from 5 to 12 mm1.

Epidemiology

Chalazia can occur in individuals of any age and are not gender-specific, although some studies have noted a slightly higher prevalence in females1. They are a common condition encountered in ophthalmic practice.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a chalazion is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance and location of the lesion. A thorough examination of the eyelid and meibomian glands is essential to differentiate chalazia from other eyelid lesions, such as styes or tumors.

Conclusion

Chalazia are common eyelid lesions resulting from the obstruction and inflammation of sebaceous glands. Understanding their pathophysiology and clinical presentation is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. While they are generally benign, proper identification and differentiation from other eyelid conditions are important for effective treatment planning.

Disclaimer

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