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Oncologists are vital in the fight against cancer, providing comprehensive care from prevention to treatment and follow-up. Despite the challenges, including high stress and potential workforce shortages, oncologists continue to make significant contributions to patient care and cancer research. Their role is crucial in ensuring that cancer patients receive the best possible care and benefit from ongoing medical advancements.
An oncologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and managing cancer. The role of an oncologist is multifaceted, encompassing various aspects of patient care, from initial diagnosis to treatment and follow-up. This article explores the responsibilities, challenges, and future outlook of oncologists in the field of cancer care.
Roles and Responsibilities
Oncologists play a critical role in cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care. They are involved in risk assessment and cancer prevention strategies, advising patients on the risk of second malignancies and treatment-related cancers1. Oncologists are also integral members of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) that provide comprehensive and systemic approaches to cancer treatment, ensuring evidence-based, safe, and cost-effective use of cancer drugs3.
Cancer Prevention and Risk Assessment
Oncologists have the opportunity to utilize risk assessment and cancer prevention strategies to interrupt the initiation or progression of cancer in survivors and high-risk individuals. They are positioned to advise patients regarding the risk of second malignancies and treatment-related cancers1.
Treatment and Patient Care
Oncologists are responsible for making appropriate diagnostic and management decisions that have significant consequences for patients. They must recognize both common and rare clinical problems and provide optimal treatment from adequately trained and highly skilled medical professionals4. The treatment process often involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy2.
Research and Innovation
Medical oncologists are engaged in clinical and translational research to promote innovation and new therapies. They contribute to cancer diagnosis, prevention, and research, making a difference for patients in a dynamic, stimulating professional environment3.
Challenges in Oncology
The field of oncology is demanding and stressful, with oncologists facing life and death decisions daily. The practice involves administering toxic therapies with narrow therapeutic windows and keeping up with rapid scientific and treatment advances. This high-stress environment can lead to personal distress, including depression, anxiety, fatigue, and burnout9.
Burnout and Distress
Burnout is a common manifestation of distress among oncologists, with studies suggesting a prevalence of 35% among medical oncologists. Burnout can impact the quality of care and has profound personal implications for physicians, including suicidal ideation9 10.
Workforce Shortage
The demand for oncology services is projected to increase significantly due to the aging population and an increasing number of cancer survivors. However, the supply of oncologists is not expected to keep pace, leading to a potential shortage of oncologists in the future5 7.
Choosing an Oncologist
Patients often rely on referrals from specialists or primary care physicians when choosing an oncologist. Factors such as the oncologist’s experience, reputation, and quality of care are essential qualities that patients consider. While cost is a concern for many patients, it is not typically a primary factor in choosing an oncologist2.