What Is Anorexia Nervosa?

This post was written with Consensus AI Academic Search Engine – please read our Disclaimer at the end of this article. Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, leading to restricted food intake and significant weight loss. Individuals with AN often have a body mass index (BMI) of 18.5 kg/m² or lower, which is a critical marker for diagnosis1 4. The disorder is marked by behavioral symptoms that interfere with weight normalization, such as extreme dieting, excessive exercise, and other weight-control behaviors2.

Epidemiology

Anorexia Nervosa predominantly affects young women, although it can occur in individuals of any gender and age. The prevalence of AN is increasing, particularly among adolescents and young adults9. The disorder has a high morbidity and mortality rate, making it one of the most serious mental health conditions8.

Psychological and Behavioral Symptoms

The core psychological feature of AN is an overwhelming fear of gaining weight, which drives the restrictive eating behaviors. Individuals with AN often exhibit obsessive-compulsive traits, such as an intense preoccupation with food, calories, and dieting8. They may also engage in ritualistic eating patterns and avoid social situations involving food2.

Physical Consequences

The physical consequences of AN are severe and can affect nearly every organ system in the body. Common complications include cardiovascular issues, electrolyte imbalances, gastrointestinal problems, and bone density loss6. Malnutrition and extreme weight loss can lead to life-threatening conditions if not addressed promptly9.

Neurocognitive and Social Impacts

AN also has significant neurocognitive and social impacts. Individuals with AN often experience impairments in cognitive functions, such as memory and attention, as well as difficulties in social interactions and relationships1 4. These impairments can persist even after some physical recovery, highlighting the need for comprehensive treatment approaches that address both psychological and physical health1.

Conclusion

Anorexia Nervosa is a complex and multifaceted disorder with serious psychological, physical, and social consequences. Understanding the characteristics and impacts of AN is crucial for developing effective interventions and supporting individuals affected by this challenging condition.

Disclaimer

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