What Is Cat Scratch Fever?

This post was written with Consensus AI Academic Search Engine – please read our Disclaimer at the end of this article. Cat Scratch Fever, also known as Cat Scratch Disease (CSD), is an infection caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. This condition is primarily transmitted to humans through scratches or bites from infected cats, particularly kittens. The disease is recognized as an emerging zoonotic infection, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans1 3.

Causes and Transmission

The primary cause of Cat Scratch Fever is the bacterium Bartonella henselae. Cats, especially kittens, are the main carriers of this bacterium. The transmission to humans typically occurs through scratches or bites from an infected cat. Additionally, the bacterium can be spread through contact with flea feces, as fleas are the main vector for B. henselae among cats1 3.

Symptoms and Manifestations

The most common symptom of Cat Scratch Fever is lymphadenitis, which is the swelling of the lymph nodes. Other atypical manifestations can include Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome, neuroretinitis, persistent fever, hepatosplenic infection, encephalopathy, osteomyelitis, and endocarditis. In immunocompromised individuals, the infection can lead to more severe conditions such as bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis1.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of Cat Scratch Fever is often based on clinical symptoms and history of contact with cats. Laboratory tests, including serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), can confirm the presence of B. henselae3.

Treatment is not always necessary for healthy individuals, as the disease often resolves on its own. However, in cases where treatment is required, antibiotics such as azithromycin have been shown to be effective. A study demonstrated that azithromycin significantly reduced lymph node volume in patients with typical Cat Scratch Disease1 4. Other antibiotics like rifampin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin have also shown efficacy in treating the infection1.

Prevention

Preventing Cat Scratch Fever involves controlling flea infestations in cats, as fleas are a significant vector for the bacterium. Products like selamectin (Stronghold®) have been proven effective in preventing the transmission of B. henselae by fleas to cats, thereby reducing the risk of human infection3.

In summary, Cat Scratch Fever is a bacterial infection transmitted from cats to humans, primarily through scratches or bites. While it often resolves without treatment, antibiotics can be used to manage symptoms in more severe cases. Preventative measures, particularly controlling flea infestations in cats, are crucial in reducing the risk of transmission.

Disclaimer

The content presented in this blog is generated by Consensus, an AI-powered academic search engine, and is based on publicly available scientific literature. While every effort is made to provide accurate, up-to-date, and well-researched information, the content is intended for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any decisions regarding medical conditions, treatments, or medications. The AI system’s analysis may not cover all perspectives, emerging research, or individual cases, and it is not a substitute for professional expertise. Neither the blog publisher nor the developers of the AI-powered search engine are responsible for any actions taken based on the information provided in this content. Use of this information is at your own risk. Citations to the original scientific studies are included for reference, but these studies should be reviewed in full and interpreted with the guidance of a healthcare or research professional.

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