What Is Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)?

Understanding Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)

This post was written with Consensus AI Academic Search Engine – please read our Disclaimer at the end of this article. Frozen shoulder, medically known as adhesive capsulitis, is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by shoulder pain and a significant reduction in both active and passive range of motion. This condition is often idiopathic, meaning its exact cause is unknown, and it progresses through three stages: the painful stage, the frozen stage, and the thawing stage, which can last up to 21 months2 7.

Epidemiology

Adhesive capsulitis affects approximately 2% of the general population, with a higher prevalence in individuals aged 40 to 60 years. It is more common in women than men and is often associated with other conditions such as diabetes and thyroid disorders5 2.

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of frozen shoulder involves inflammation and thickening of the shoulder joint capsule, leading to pain and stiffness. The structures primarily involved include the capsule and the rotator interval, which are crucial in maintaining shoulder mobility6 4.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with adhesive capsulitis typically present with a gradual onset of shoulder pain, which is often severe during the initial stages. This pain is accompanied by a progressive loss of shoulder movement, affecting daily activities and quality of life. The condition is self-limiting, but the recovery process can be prolonged and debilitating3 7.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of frozen shoulder is primarily clinical, based on the patient’s history and physical examination. Key diagnostic criteria include significant restriction in both active and passive shoulder movements, particularly in external rotation, and the exclusion of other shoulder pathologies4 9.

Conclusion

Frozen shoulder is a debilitating condition that significantly impacts the quality of life due to pain and restricted movement. Understanding its characteristics, epidemiology, and pathophysiology is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. While the condition is self-limiting, the prolonged recovery period necessitates effective management strategies to alleviate symptoms and restore function.

Disclaimer

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