What Is TENS?

Check out this answer from Consensus:

TENS is a versatile and non-invasive tool for pain management and improving mobility. Its effectiveness can vary based on application parameters and individual patient conditions, but it remains a valuable component of pain management strategies.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive method used for pain relief and modulation. It involves the application of electrical currents through the skin to stimulate sensory nerves, which can lead to various therapeutic benefits.

Mechanism of Action

TENS works by delivering electrical impulses through electrodes placed on the skin. These impulses stimulate the nerves in the affected area, which can help to reduce pain perception by blocking pain signals from reaching the brain and by promoting the release of endorphins, the body’s natural painkillers1 6 7.

Clinical Applications

1. Pain Management: TENS is widely used for managing different types of pain, including acute postoperative pain, chronic pain conditions, and labor pain. For instance, it has been shown to reduce pain intensity and improve mobility in patients after hip fracture surgery3. It is also effective in reducing pain during labor and delaying the need for pharmacological analgesia2 4. 
2. Mobility and Functionality: Beyond pain relief, TENS can enhance mobility and functionality. It has been found to decrease sensorimotor uncertainty during movements, which can improve clinical metrics of mobility1. Additionally, TENS has been used to aid in functional gait recovery in postoperative settings3. 
3. Chronic Conditions: TENS is also applied in chronic conditions such as fibromyalgia and chronic low back pain. While its effectiveness can vary, it is often used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan9 10. 

Efficacy and Considerations

The effectiveness of TENS can depend on various factors, including the intensity and frequency of the stimulation. Studies suggest that higher intensities may produce greater hypoalgesic effects6 7. However, the benefits of TENS can be comparable to placebo in some chronic conditions, indicating the need for individualized treatment plans10.

Safety and Patient Satisfaction

TENS is generally considered safe with minimal side effects, making it a popular choice for patients seeking non-pharmacological pain relief options. Patient satisfaction is typically high, especially when TENS is used in conjunction with other therapeutic interventions2 4.