What to Know About Sucralose
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Try for freeThis post was written with Consensus AI Academic Search Engine. Sucralose is a popular non-nutritive sweetener that offers a calorie-free alternative to sugar. While it is generally considered safe for consumption, its effects on metabolism, appetite, and gut microbiome warrant further investigation. Understanding these effects is crucial for making informed decisions about the use of sucralose in food and beverages.
Sucralose is a widely used non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) that offers a sweet taste without the calories associated with sugar. It is approximately 600 times sweeter than sucrose and is commonly used in various food and beverage products. Approved by the FDA in 1998, sucralose has been the subject of numerous studies examining its safety, metabolic effects, and impact on health.
Metabolic and Appetite Responses
Research has shown that sucralose can elicit different metabolic and appetite responses compared to sucrose. A study involving 76 adults found that sucralose increased hunger levels at 15 and 30 minutes post-ingestion compared to sucrose. Additionally, sucralose resulted in lower peripheral glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 levels1. These findings suggest that sucralose may alter post-ingestive signaling responses, potentially affecting appetite and hunger.
Safety and Carcinogenicity
Extensive research has been conducted to evaluate the safety of sucralose. A systematic assessment of mechanistic data concluded that sucralose is unlikely to be carcinogenic in humans. This conclusion is supported by animal cancer bioassays and genotoxicity data, which showed no strong activity for any key characteristics of carcinogens2. A critical review of the literature also supports the safety of sucralose, indicating that it does not pose significant health risks when consumed within acceptable daily intake levels3.
Impact on Gut Microbiome
The effect of sucralose on the gut microbiome has been a topic of interest. A study on Asian Indian adults with type 2 diabetes found no significant changes in gut microbiome diversity after 12 weeks of sucralose consumption. However, the study did observe a significant reduction in body weight and body fat in the intervention group4. In contrast, animal studies have shown that sucralose can alter gut microbiome composition, potentially affecting intestinal barrier function and increasing the abundance of certain pathogens5 6.
Glucose Metabolism and Hormonal Responses
Sucralose has been shown to affect glucose metabolism and hormonal responses. In obese rats, sucralose improved glucose tolerance and upregulated the expression of sweet taste receptors and glucose transporters8. However, in obese human subjects, sucralose ingestion before an oral glucose load resulted in higher peak plasma glucose concentrations, increased insulin secretion, and decreased insulin sensitivity10. These findings highlight the complex and sometimes contradictory effects of sucralose on glucose metabolism.
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