What to Know About West Highland White Terriers

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West Highland White Terriers are a beloved breed with unique health challenges. Understanding these conditions, such as cataracts, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and polycystic kidney and liver disease, is crucial for owners and veterinarians. Continued research into these health issues not only aids in better care for Westies but also contributes to broader medical knowledge applicable to similar human conditions.

West Highland White Terriers, commonly known as Westies, are a popular breed known for their distinctive white coat and lively personality. However, they are also predisposed to certain health conditions that potential owners and breeders should be aware of.

Common Health Issues

Cataracts

West Highland White Terriers are prone to developing cataracts, with a significant number of cases being reported in interrelated dogs. A study found that 49 out of 97 Westies had cataracts, with 34 exhibiting a specific type known as ‘y’ suture cataract. This condition is believed to be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner1.

Medial Fabella Variation

Another anatomical peculiarity in Westies is the abnormal positioning of the medial fabella, a small bone in the knee joint. Research indicates that 70% of Westies exhibit this variation, compared to only 9% in small dogs and none in large dogs. This condition is generally considered incidental and not indicative of a pathological issue2.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a significant health concern in West Highland White Terriers, particularly affecting middle-aged to older dogs. This chronic lung disease leads to symptoms such as exercise intolerance, dyspnea, and coughing. The condition shares similarities with human IPF, making Westies a potential model for studying the human disease. Unfortunately, there is no cure, and the prognosis is often poor3 5 6 7.

Polycystic Kidney and Liver Disease

Polycystic kidney and liver disease has been reported in West Highland White Terriers, with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern suggested. This condition was observed in two related litters, with affected puppies showing signs of liver failure early in life. This disease in Westies resembles autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease in humans9.

Diagnostic and Research Insights

Pulmonary Hypertension Assessment

In Westies with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has been used to assess pulmonary hypertension. This method helps identify comorbidities that could affect the prognosis of affected dogs. Parameters such as the diameter of the pulmonary trunk are used to diagnose pulmonary hypertension in these dogs8.

Histopathological Studies

Histopathological studies of Westies with IPF have revealed similarities with human interstitial lung diseases, such as non-specific interstitial pneumonia. These studies provide insights into the disease’s progression and potential genetic predispositions4 6.