Paper
Augmented Reality
Published 2021 · Meike van Lierop, V. Allard, Jelle van den Hurk
Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
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Abstract
Definition and motivation Increasing realism in today's Virtual Reality (VR) applications often requires months of human work, spent with modeling objects with realistic apperance and behavior. It also requires the purchase of high-end graphics workstations that are able to perform the computing in real-time. In many cases, however, a complete immersion of the user into a synthetic environment is not necessary and sometimes not even desirable. Augmented Reality (AR) is the term used to describe a supple-mentation of the real world as opposed to a complete substitution by VR. AR combines real and synthetic objects by super-imposing computer-generated annotations on the real environment. The computer augments the real worlds with additional information, which enhances the user's perception. In a very broad sense, AR could thus be seen as the augmentation of natural feedback with simulated cues (which are not necessarily limited to visual cues). In AR, virtual objects can be used for displaying specific information that the user cannot perceive with his own senses. This kind of information could help the user to perform specific tasks. In order to find a consistent definition , Milgram established the so-called Reality/Virtuality (RV) Continuum (cf. Figure 1). On the left-hand side of the RV Continuum, the complete real world is located, and on the right-hand side, one finds a world consisting only of artificial objects. A mixture of real and virtual objects is called »Mixed Reality.« One distinguishes between »Augmented Reality« and »Augmented Virtu-ality,« depending on the amount of real or artificial objects. CG topics 1/98 6 Compared to the chroma-keying technique, well known from television and special effects in movies, the AR combination of real and virtual objects is more sophisticated in that it uses depth information. An additional characteristic of AR applications is real-time interaction. AR technology Basically AR systems consist of the following components: – Real-world sensor, – Scene generator, – Tracking device, – Composer (optical, video-based) – Display. There exist two approaches (optical and video-based), which differ in regard to the image-composer. Figure 2 shows the different components of an optical AR system. The most important advantage of an optical AR system is its simplicity , which influences the price and the plainness of the synchronization question. The resolution and the dynamic range of the real-world data is very high since the world is observed through glasses. There is no offset between the viewing direction and the real world. …
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