Flexion-Distraction Injury of the Thoracolumbar Spine during Squat Exercise with the Smith Machine
Published Dec 1, 2004 · R. Gallo, R. Reitman, D. Altman
The American Journal of Sports Medicine
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Abstract
Flexion-distraction injuries of the lumbar spine are often associated with lap belt–restrained passengers involved in motor vehicle collisions. Recently, we treated 2 weight lifters who sustained flexion-distraction injuries while performing squatting exercises with probable improper technique and use of the Smith machine. The Smith machine is an apparatus that consists of a barbell linked to a vertical track by cylinder bearings and permits only vertical displacement of the barbell (Figure 1). The barbell must be rotated clockwise to disengage locking hooks before lifting can begin (Figure 2). Conversely, to secure the barbell, it must be turned counterclockwise and gently lowered onto a set of pegs, which are placed approximately 6 in apart from each other. Two adjustable brackets are mounted at the inferior extent of the lifter’s range of motion for the exercise. These brackets catch the barbell if the lifter fails to engage the locking mechanism. Failure to use proper lifting techniques and improper use of the machine can lead to devastating consequences. We report on 2 weight lifters who sustained flexion-distraction injuries to the thoracolumbar spine while performing squats on a Smith machine. In both cases, the lifters were novices to the machine and weight lifting. They failed to engage the locking mechanism and lacked a spotter and proper placement of the safety brackets. CASE 1