The variable nature of cognitive control: a dual mechanisms framework

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.12.010

Paper

The variable nature of cognitive control: a dual mechanisms framework

Published Feb 1, 2012 · T. Braver

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

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290

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Abstract

Abstract removed due to Elsevier request; this does not indicate any issues with the research. Click the full text link above to read the abstract and view the original source.

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Key takeawayThe dual mechanisms of control framework explains cognitive control variability by distinguishing between proactive and reactive modes of control, which influence intra-individual, inter-individual, and between-group differences.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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Paper

The variable nature of cognitive control: a dual mechanisms framework

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References

Revealing list-level control in the Stroop task by uncovering its benefits and a cost.

List-level control partially explains the list-wide proportion congruence effect in the Stroop task, with benefits for word reading and a cost for secondary memory tasks involving irrelevant neutral words.

Cognitive Control in Adolescence: Neural Underpinnings and Relation to Self-Report Behaviors

Adolescents show under-developed proactive control mechanisms, linked to impulsivity, poor decision-making, and lack of foresight, which are linked to under-activated brain regions.

Neural Mechanisms of Interference Control in Working Memory: Effects of Interference Expectancy and Fluid Intelligence

Interference control in working memory can be proactive or reactive, with high fluid intelligence individuals showing proactive control mechanisms and low fluid intelligence individuals showing reactive control patterns.

Motivated Cognitive Control: Reward Incentives Modulate Preparatory Neural Activity during Task-Switching

Reward incentives improve task-switching performance by selectively affecting brain regions involved in cognitive control processes, with one mechanism being enhanced cue-related task preparation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

On why not to rush older adults--relying on reactive cognitive control can effectively reduce errors at the expense of slowed responses.

Older adults rely more on reactive cognitive control, leading to increased response conflict as task difficulty increases.

Citations

Preparatory attentional templates in prefrontal and sensory cortex encode target-associated information

Target-associated information from memory can supplant veridical target information in the brain's "target template" before difficult visual search begins.