Paper
Nurturing Creativity in Education
Published Sep 1, 2014 · P. Collard, J. Looney
European Journal of Education
128
Citations
9
Influential Citations
Abstract
Creativity is also core to progress in knowledge societies.Work is increasingly carried out in non-permanent project-oriented teams, with each member taking on significant responsibilities.Workers need to regularly adapt to new situations and new approaches to problem solving. In their personal lives, individuals have more opportunities to tailor services and products to suit their own needs in ways that were not possible in societies that emphasised mass production and consumption of standardised goods, calling on their creative capacities (Miller & Bentley, 2003). Leaders in the public, private and social sectors are more frequently required to respond to new strategic challenges. Individuals and societies that embrace creativity and experimentation are more likely to realise the benefits of knowledgeintensive societies (Michalski, 2011). It is therefore not surprising that, across continents, creativity is a priority for education and is central to the discourse on 21st century learning. The OECD emphasises the importance of preparing learners for the unknown: jobs that do not yet exist, technologies that are yet to be invented, and problems that have not yet been anticipated (OECD, undated).The OECD’s Innovation Strand also includes a strong emphasis on nurturing creativity in education.The European Reference Framework on Key Competences identifies creativity as a transversal theme that is important for the development of basic skills of language, literacy, numeracy and information and communication technologies (ICT).The EU declared 2009 the ‘Year of Creativity and Innovation’, with a strong focus on the role of culture and diversity in European society and, in education, on barriers as well as good practices (Banajiet al., 2010; Cachiaet al., 2010). Beyond Europe, ministries and departments of education in Australia, Canada, England, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and the US are among the countries that have developed policy initiatives to support learner creativity (Craft, 2007; the US President’s Commission on the Arts and Humanities, 2011; the Ministry of Education website, Singapore, undated; the Ministry of Education website,Taiwan, undated). In this article, we explore how a greater focus on creativity changes the dynamics of teaching and learning.We are concerned with how teachers nurture everyday creativity and how they themselves develop more creative approaches to teaching. We also explore the themes of ‘closed’ and ‘open’ learning, as defined by Miller, Looney and Siemens (2011).‘Closed’ learning refers to learning where the knowledge to be acquired is already well defined and goals are clear. ‘Open’ learning bs_bs_banner
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