[Papers] Reconsideration of the Effects of Handwriting::Comparing Cognitive Load of Handwriting and Typing

doi:10.3169/MTA.6.255

Paper

[Papers] Reconsideration of the Effects of Handwriting::Comparing Cognitive Load of Handwriting and Typing

Published 2018 · Hirohito Shibata, Kengo Omura

Multimedia Tools and Applications

Q1 SJR score

10

Citations

1

Influential Citations

Full text

Semantic Scholar

Abstract

From the observation of reading summarizing multiple documents, O'Hara et al. reported that paper and pen effectively integrated two different activities of reading and writing 1),8) . When using digital tools, participants in their experiment could perform both reading and writing. However, low manipulability of digital tools using a mouse and a keyboard interfered with smooth integration of reading and writing. They strongly preferred to use paper and pen for annotating when they devoted themselves to active reading. In fact, many digital tools to support active reading provide digital pens to support annotation during reading 9)–15) . Additionally, many commercially available Abstract Handwriting is preferred when people take notes or annotate during listening to lectures or reading documents. This paper proves the effects of handwriting experimentally. Two experiments using a dual task method revealed that the cognitive load of handwriting was smaller than that of typing and typing interfered with memorization more than handwriting. Moreover, this tendency was also observed for people who can type fast with touch typing. This indicates that handwriting has a strong advantage in keeping information without interfering with other cognitive activities regardless of people's typing skill.

Study Snapshot

Key takeawayHandwriting has a smaller cognitive load than typing, making it a preferred method for taking notes and annotating during reading, regardless of one's typing skill.

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

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References

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Longhand note taking is more effective for learning, as it leads to shallower processing and better performance on conceptual questions compared to laptop note taking.

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SwipeKey is a fast, low-error, and easy-to-learn text input method for smartwatches, achieving 11 words per minute and reducing character error rate from 10% to 3.4%.

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Handwritten notes enhance students' grades in memory tasks, while computer-written notes improve speed in tasks like reproducing the alphabet and writing sentences.

Pen and touch gestural environment for document editing on interactive tabletops

Pen and touch interaction techniques can enhance document editing on interactive tabletops, providing an expert alternative to widgets for common operations like page manipulation, shape and text input, and clipart retrieval and insertion.

Designing a multi-slate reading environment to support active reading activities

A multi-slate reading environment could provide an electronic alternative to paper, combining the advantages of e-books, PCs, and tabletop computers for a more comprehensive reading experience.

Citations

Mixed Reality Interaction Enhanced by Whiteboard for Product Search

This study proposes a mixed reality method using whiteboards and sticky notes to organize product information and enhance user experience in product search.

Handwriting fluency, latency, and kinematic in Portuguese writing system: Pilot study with school children from 3rd to 5th grade

High-frequency words in Brazilian Portuguese writing system reduce writing and disfluencies time, while low-frequency words increase latency and dependence on gaze for spelling aspects.

Impact of Note-Taking Mediums on Memory Recognition

Typing notes is the most efficient and effective method for students aged 13-18, resulting in higher memory retention of material.

Collaborative Sketching with Tangibles: Let’s Stop Soulless Meetings

Collaborative sketching with tangibles can improve meeting efficiency and reduce passive moments, leading to more interactive and efficient discussions.

Hierarchical Recurrent Neural Network for Handwritten Strokes Classification

The hierarchical recurrent neural network architecture achieves 97.25% accuracy in multi-class classification of handwritten strokes, enabling efficient mobile applications for freeform handwriting document recognition.