One of the major theoretic frameworks through which human development is studied is a process-oriented model involving selection, optimization, and compensation. These three processes each provide accounts for methods by which gains are maximized and losses minimized throughout the lifespan, in particular during later life. These processes can be cast within the framework of dynamical systems theory and then modeled using differential equations. The current article will review basic tenets of selection, optimization, and compensation while introducing language and concepts from dynamical systems. Four categories of interindividual differences and intraindividual variability in dynamics are then described and discussed in the context of selection, optimization, and compensation.

Human development is influenced by selection, optimization, and compensation processes, which maximize gains and minimize losses throughout the lifespan.

Selection, Optimization, Compensation, and Equilibrium Dynamics

Key Takeaway: Human development is influenced by selection, optimization, and compensation processes, which maximize gains and minimize losses throughout the lifespan.