Synthesis and Highly Stereoselective Hydrogenation of the Statin Precursor Ethyl (5S)‐5,6‐Isopropylidenedioxy‐3‐oxohexanoate

doi:10.1002/ADSC.200600291

Paper

Synthesis and Highly Stereoselective Hydrogenation of the Statin Precursor Ethyl (5S)‐5,6‐Isopropylidenedioxy‐3‐oxohexanoate

Published Dec 1, 2006 · V. Tararov, G. König, A. Börner

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis

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Abstract

A search for the large-scale preparation of (5,S)-5,6-(isopropylidenedioxy)-3-oxohexanoates (2) - a key intermediate in the synthesis of pharmacologially important statins - starting from (S)-malic acid is described. The synthesis of the required initial compound methyl (3S)-3,4-(isopropylidenedioxy)butanoate (1) by Moriwake's reduction of dimethyl (S)-malate (3) has been improved. Direct 2-C chain elongation of ester 1 using the lithium enolate of tert-butyl acetate has been shown to be successful at a 3- to 5-fold excess of the enolate. Unfortunately, the product, tert-butyl (55')-5,6-(isopropylidenedioxy)-3-oxohexanoate (2a) is unstable during distillation. Ethyl (55)-5,6-(isopropylidenedioxy)-3-oxohexanoate (2b) was prepared alternatively on a multigram scale from (35)-3,4-(isopropylidenedioxy)butanoic acid (7) by activation with N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole and subsequent reaction with Mg(OOCCH 2 COOEt) 2 . A convenient pathway for the in situ preparation of the latter is also described. Ethyl ester (2b) can be advantageously purified by distillation. The stereochemistry of the catalytic hydrogenation of β-keto ester (2b) to ethyl (5S)-5,6-(isopropylidenedioxy)-3-hydrohyhexanoate (syn-6 and anti-6) has been studied using a number of homogeneous achiral and chiral Rh(I) and Ru(II) complexes with phosphine ligands. A comparison of Rh(I) and Ru(II) catalysts with (S)- and (R)-BINAP as chiral ligands revealed opposite activity in dependence on the polarity of the solvent. No influence of the chiral backbone of substrate 2b on the enantioselectivity was noted. A ratio of syn-6/anti-6 = 2.3 was observed with an achiral (Ph 3 P) 3 RuCl 2 catalyst. Ru[(R)-Tol-BINAP]Cl 2 neutralized with one equivalent of AcONa afforded the most efficient catalytic system for the production of optically pure syn-(5S)-5,6-isopropylidenedioxy-3-hydroxyhexanoate (syn-6) at a preparative substrate/catalyst ratio of 1000:1.

Study Snapshot

The study presents a large-scale, highly selective synthesis of statin precursor ethyl (5S)-5,6-(isopropylidenedioxy)-3-oxohexanoate using a Ru(R)-Tol-BINAP catalyst, with potential applications in pharmaceutical

PopulationOlder adults (50-71 years)

Sample size24

MethodsObservational

OutcomesBody Mass Index projections

ResultsSocial networks mitigate obesity in older groups.

Paper

Synthesis and Highly Stereoselective Hydrogenation of the Statin Precursor Ethyl (5S)‐5,6‐Isopropylidenedioxy‐3‐oxohexanoate

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