Active learning

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The Impact and Implementation of Active Learning in Education

Active Learning in STEM Education

Enhanced Student Performance in STEM

Active learning has been shown to significantly improve student performance in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. A comprehensive meta-analysis of 225 studies revealed that active learning increases examination performance by an average of 0.47 standard deviations, which translates to an approximate 6% improvement in exam scores. Additionally, students in traditional lecture-based courses were found to be 1.5 times more likely to fail compared to those in active learning environments. This suggests that adopting active learning strategies could be a key factor in increasing the number of students successfully completing STEM degrees.

Addressing Misconceptions About Learning

Despite the proven benefits, many students and faculty remain resistant to active learning. Research indicates that while students in active learning environments achieve higher actual learning outcomes, they often feel like they are learning less compared to traditional lecture settings. This perception is partly due to the increased cognitive effort required during active learning activities. Educators are encouraged to address these misconceptions early in the semester to improve student engagement and motivation.

Defining Active Learning

Core Elements and Strategies

Active learning is broadly defined as any instructional method that engages students in the learning process, requiring them to participate in meaningful activities and reflect on their actions. This can include a variety of strategies such as group discussions, problem-solving tasks, and hands-on activities . The core elements of active learning involve student activity and engagement, contrasting sharply with traditional lecture methods where students passively receive information.

Diverse Interpretations and Applications

The term "active learning" encompasses a wide range of instructional strategies and is often used differently across various educational contexts. In secondary school mathematics, for example, active learning might involve practical work, computer-assisted learning, and collaborative problem-solving. In higher education, particularly in STEM fields, active learning strategies often emphasize social interaction and critical thinking . This diversity in application underscores the need for a clear and consistent definition to advance research and practice in education .

Implementing Active Learning

Whole-School Approaches

Transforming an entire educational institution to adopt active learning requires a comprehensive and coordinated effort. One example is the School of Nursing at an Australian University, which successfully implemented a whole-of-school approach to active learning. This transformation involved shifting philosophical presuppositions and integrating active learning across all learning spaces, including online, face-to-face, and blended environments. Such systemic changes can serve as a model for other institutions aiming to enhance their educational practices.

Overcoming Challenges

Implementing active learning can be challenging due to resistance from both students and faculty. Strategies to overcome these challenges include providing clear evidence of the benefits of active learning, offering professional development for instructors, and creating supportive institutional policies . By addressing these barriers, educational institutions can foster a more engaging and effective learning environment.

Conclusion

Active learning has been empirically validated as a superior instructional method that enhances student performance and engagement across various educational contexts. Despite initial resistance due to misconceptions about learning, the benefits of active learning are clear. By adopting a consistent definition and implementing comprehensive strategies, educational institutions can significantly improve student outcomes and foster a more dynamic and interactive learning environment.