Addiction of computer games
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Understanding Computer Game Addiction: Insights from Recent Research
Introduction to Computer Game Addiction
Computer game addiction, characterized by excessive or compulsive use of computer and video games, has become a significant concern in recent years. This behavior can interfere with daily life and may exhibit symptoms similar to those of substance-related addictions, such as loss of control, withdrawal symptoms, and tolerance . This article synthesizes findings from multiple studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis, neurobiological mechanisms, and consequences of computer game addiction.
Diagnostic Criteria and Epidemiology
The diagnostic criteria for computer game addiction are still under debate. However, several studies have identified core symptoms such as conflict, withdrawal symptoms, relapse, and behavioral salience, which are similar to those seen in substance addictions . Epidemiological data suggest that 1.5-3.5% of adolescent computer and internet users exhibit signs of addictive behavior . Additionally, a study involving 7069 gamers found that 11.9% met the diagnostic criteria for addiction.
Neurobiological Mechanisms
Neuroscientific research indicates that computer game addiction shares similar neurobiological mechanisms with substance-related addictions. Studies have shown that excessive gaming can lead to long-term changes in the brain's reward circuitry, particularly involving dopamine release and receptor occupancy . For instance, a brain imaging study revealed that healthy individuals had reduced dopamine D2 receptor occupancy after playing a computer game, indicating increased dopamine release, whereas ex-chronic ecstasy users showed no change, suggesting decreased sensitivity to natural rewards.
Psychological and Behavioral Consequences
Computer game addiction is associated with various negative psychological and behavioral outcomes. Addicted individuals often experience higher rates of depression and anxiety and lower academic achievements . Moreover, game addiction has been linked to decreased self-esteem and academic performance, particularly among males. However, the relationship between excessive gaming and aggressive behavior remains weak.
Treatment and Intervention Strategies
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques have been proposed as a treatment strategy for computer game addiction, although there is a lack of controlled clinical trials to confirm their efficacy . Additionally, involving the relatives of addicted individuals in treatment programs to increase motivation for behavioral change has been suggested as a promising approach.
Conclusion
Computer game addiction is a complex disorder with significant neurobiological, psychological, and behavioral implications. While the diagnostic criteria are still evolving, current research highlights the similarities between computer game addiction and substance-related addictions. Effective treatment strategies, including CBT and family involvement, are essential for addressing this growing concern. Further research is needed to establish a comprehensive model for understanding and treating computer game addiction.
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