Amphetamine dextroamphetamine brand name
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Amphetamine Dextroamphetamine Brand Name: Adderall
Introduction to Adderall
Adderall is a widely recognized brand name for a combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, which are central nervous system stimulants used primarily to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. This medication is available in both immediate and sustained-release formulations, catering to different therapeutic needs and patient preferences.
Composition and Mechanism of Action
Adderall consists of mixed amphetamine salts, including dextro-amphetamine saccharate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, racemic dextro/levoamphetamine aspartate monohydrate, and racemic dextro/levoamphetamine sulfate in equimolar concentrations. These compounds stimulate the release of norepinephrine, affecting both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor sites. Alpha-adrenergic stimulation results in vasoconstriction and increased total peripheral resistance, while beta-adrenergic stimulation leads to increased heart rate, stroke volume, and skeletal muscle blood flow.
Clinical Use and Dosage
Adderall is prescribed for individuals with ADHD or narcolepsy, with standard recommended dosages ranging from 5 to 60 mg daily. The medication is also used off-label by college students for cognitive enhancement, such as improving memory, test-taking abilities, and sustaining long study sessions. However, it is important to note that Adderall is a DEA Schedule II controlled substance due to its high potential for abuse.
Adderall Toxicity and Overdose
Overdose of Adderall can lead to severe clinical signs, including hyperactivity, hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, mydriasis, tremors, and seizures. In dogs, additional symptoms such as hypoglycemia, hypersegmentation of neutrophils, and mild thrombocytopenia have been reported. Diagnosis of overdose can be confirmed through the detection of amphetamine in stomach contents, vomitus, or positive urine tests for illicit drugs.
Treatment and Prognosis
Treatment for Adderall overdose focuses on controlling life-threatening central nervous system and cardiovascular symptoms. Seizures can be managed with benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, pentobarbital, and propofol, while cardiac tachyarrhythmias can be treated with beta-blockers like propranolol. Intravenous fluids are used to counter hyperthermia, maintain renal function, and promote the elimination of amphetamine and its analogues. The prognosis depends on the severity and duration of clinical signs at the time of presentation.
Conclusion
Adderall, a brand name for amphetamine-dextroamphetamine, is a critical medication for managing ADHD and narcolepsy. While effective, it carries a significant risk of abuse and overdose, necessitating careful monitoring and management. Understanding its composition, mechanism of action, and potential risks is essential for both healthcare providers and patients.
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