Anemia test
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Anemia Test: Diagnostic Approaches and Innovations
Complete Blood Count (CBC) and Red Cell Indices
The complete blood count (CBC) is a fundamental test in diagnosing anemia. It provides essential information about red cell indices, which can offer clues to the type of anemia present. Specific red cell morphologies can be indicative of particular types of anemia, and the reticulocyte count is useful for screening for hemolysis or blood loss1.
Serum Ferritin and Iron-Deficiency Anemia
For diagnosing iron-deficiency anemia, serum ferritin radioimmunoassay is highly effective. It has a high diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.95. This test is particularly powerful when interpreted correctly across different patient populations, including those with inflammatory, liver, or neoplastic diseases2.
Hematologic and Biochemical Tests
Laboratory testing is crucial for diagnosing various types of anemia, especially when clinical diagnosis is complicated by multiple underlying conditions. Hematologic parameters and biochemical tests, combined with patient clinical history, help identify the most likely causes of anemia3.
Impedance Measurement of Red Blood Cells
A novel diagnostic system based on the impedance measurement of red blood cells has been developed. This system uses a test strip to collect a blood sample and a hemoglobin meter to measure impedance, converting it into hemoglobin concentration. This method has shown superior accuracy compared to other commercial systems, with a standard deviation of less than 1%4.
Point-of-Care (POC) Tests
AnemoCheck-LRS
AnemoCheck-LRS is a color-based POC test optimized for diagnosing severe anemia in limited-resource settings. It has demonstrated higher accuracy and sensitivity compared to the WHO Haemoglobin Colour Scale (HCS), making it a valuable tool for identifying patients who may require blood transfusions5.
Disposable POC Anemia Test
A disposable POC test has been developed for self-testing anemia. This test uses a single drop of blood to provide color-based visual results that correlate with hemoglobin levels. It has shown high sensitivity and specificity for detecting both general and severe anemia, making it suitable for self-monitoring by chronically anemic patients6.
Microchip Electrophoresis
A POC platform using microchip electrophoresis can perform both anemia detection and hemoglobin variant identification. This integrated approach uses a single paper-based test and has shown high sensitivity and specificity for detecting anemia and sickle cell disease8.
Non-Invasive Detection Using Smartphone Apps
A smartphone app has been developed for non-invasive anemia detection. By analyzing photos of the fingernail bed, the app estimates hemoglobin levels with high accuracy. This method offers a convenient and immediate way for individuals to screen for anemia without the need for blood samples10.
Conclusion
The diagnosis of anemia has evolved significantly with advancements in laboratory and point-of-care testing. From traditional CBC and serum ferritin tests to innovative impedance measurement systems and smartphone apps, these diagnostic tools provide accurate, rapid, and accessible means to identify and monitor anemia. These developments are particularly beneficial in resource-limited settings and for patients requiring regular monitoring.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Anemia: Evaluation and Diagnostic Tests.
Anemia diagnosis can be made using a complete blood count, red cell indices, reticulocyte count, and various tests, including molecular testing.
Highly CitedLaboratory diagnosis of iron-deficiency Anemia: An overview
Serum ferritin radioimmunoassay is the most powerful test for diagnosing iron-deficiency anemia, with a 0.95 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and can be applied to all patients.
Systematic ReviewHighly CitedLaboratory Assessment of Anemia.
Laboratory testing plays a crucial role in diagnosing anemia and identifying its causes, aiding in the selection of specific and effective therapies.
Anemia Diagnostic System Based on Impedance Measurement of Red Blood Cells
The proposed anemia diagnostic system using impedance measurement of red blood cells is a portable, accurate, and user-friendly device, offering a better alternative to commercial systems.
AnemoCheck-LRS: an optimized, color-based point-of-care test to identify severe anemia in limited-resource settings
AnemoCheck-LRS is a rapid, inexpensive, and accurate point-of-care test for diagnosing severe anemia in limited-resource settings, providing a more accurate alternative to the WHO Haemoglobin Colour Scale for detecting low Hb levels.
Observational Study
Rigorous JournalDisposable platform provides visual and color-based point-of-care anemia self-testing.
This disposable, point-of-care anemia test provides a reliable, and cost-effective method for self-screening and self-monitoring of anemia, with comparable sensitivity and specificity to hematology analyzers.
Observational StudyRigorous JournalAlgorithm of differential diagnosis of anemia involving laboratory medicine specialists to advance diagnostic excellence
The developed algorithm efficiently explores all major and rare causes of anemia, enabling clinical pathologists to provide valuable diagnostic support for healthcare providers, leading to timely diagnoses and early treatment opportunities.
Systematic ReviewPoint-of-care microchip electrophoresis for integrated anemia and hemoglobin variant testing.
This paper presents a single point-of-care platform that enables integrated anemia detection and hemoglobin variant identification using a single paper-based electrophoresis test, with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for sickle cell disease identification.
Multi-class classification algorithms for the diagnosis of anemia in an outpatient clinical setting
Multilayer perceptron network effectively diagnoses mild and moderate anemia in outpatient clinical settings, aiding in early stage prevention and supplement recommendations.
Rigorous JournalSmartphone app for non-invasive detection of anemia using only patient-sourced photos
Our smartphone app accurately detects anemia using fingernail bed photos, enabling non-invasive blood-based diagnostics without external equipment.
Observational StudyHighly Cited