Angiotensin inhibitors list
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Comprehensive List of Angiotensin Inhibitors
Introduction to Angiotensin Inhibitors
Angiotensin inhibitors, including Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs), are critical in managing hypertension and related cardiovascular conditions. These inhibitors work by blocking the effects of angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict, thereby lowering blood pressure and reducing the workload on the heart.
Commonly Used ACE Inhibitors
ACE inhibitors are a well-established class of drugs used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. The generic names of ACE inhibitors typically end with "pril." Some of the most commonly used ACE inhibitors include:
- Captopril
- Enalapril
- Lisinopril
- Perindopril
- Ramipril
- Benazepril
- Quinapril
- Fosinopril
- Moexipril
- Trandolapril .
Plant-Based ACE Inhibitors
In addition to synthetic ACE inhibitors, numerous plant-based compounds have been identified with ACE-inhibitory activity. These natural inhibitors are gaining attention due to their minimal side effects and potential additional health benefits. Notable plant species with potent ACE-inhibitory activity include:
- Angelica keiskei
- Momordica charantia
- Muntingia calabura
- Prunus domestica
- Peperomia pellucida
Bioactive metabolites from these plants, such as peptides (e.g., Tyr-Glu-Pro), phenolics (e.g., cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside), flavonoids (e.g., epicatechin), terpenoids (e.g., ursolic acid), and alkaloids (e.g., berberine), have shown significant ACE-inhibitory activity.
ARBs: An Alternative to ACE Inhibitors
ARBs are another class of angiotensin inhibitors that block the angiotensin II receptors, preventing angiotensin II from exerting its effects. Common ARBs include:
- Losartan
- Valsartan
- Irbesartan
- Candesartan
- Telmisartan
- Olmesartan
- Eprosartan .
Comparative Efficacy and Benefits
Both ACE inhibitors and ARBs have been shown to reduce the incidence of new-onset type 2 diabetes and are effective in managing chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular conditions. However, ACE inhibitors have demonstrated a slightly superior efficacy in reducing all-cause mortality and kidney failure compared to ARBs .
Mechanisms of Action
ACE inhibitors not only lower blood pressure by inhibiting the production of angiotensin II but also enhance the function of kinin receptors, which can lead to increased nitric oxide production and improved vascular health. This dual mechanism contributes to their effectiveness in preventing cardiovascular and renal diseases .
Conclusion
Angiotensin inhibitors, including both synthetic and plant-based ACE inhibitors as well as ARBs, play a crucial role in managing hypertension and related conditions. While synthetic ACE inhibitors and ARBs are widely used and effective, plant-based inhibitors offer a promising alternative with fewer side effects. Understanding the diverse options and their mechanisms can help in selecting the most appropriate treatment for individual patients.
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