Atherosclerosis of aorta treatment
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Treatment Approaches for Atherosclerosis of the Aorta
Atherosclerosis of the aorta is a significant health concern, leading to severe cardiovascular diseases. Various treatment strategies have been explored to manage and mitigate the progression of this condition. This article synthesizes recent research on different therapeutic approaches, including stem cell therapy, antioxidant supplementation, pharmacological interventions, and innovative techniques like sonodynamic therapy.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Aortic Atherosclerosis
Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UCSCs) have shown promise in reducing atherosclerotic plaque formation. In a study involving a high-fat diet rabbit model, UCSCs treatment significantly decreased the aortic plaque area, reduced macrophage accumulation, and lowered levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. Additionally, UCSCs increased anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β, improved peripheral blood filling, and regulated intestinal flora dysbiosis, highlighting their potential in alleviating atherosclerotic burden.
Antioxidant Supplementation
Vitamin E and Selenium have been investigated for their anti-atherosclerotic properties. In hypercholesterolemic rabbits, the combination of vitamin E and selenium significantly inhibited atherosclerosis more effectively than vitamin E alone. This combination reduced aortic cholesterol concentrations and atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that antioxidant treatments can be beneficial in managing atherosclerosis independently of plasma cholesterol levels.
Pharmacological Interventions
Lipid-Lowering Therapies
Triple Therapy with Alirocumab, Evinacumab, and Atorvastatin has demonstrated significant efficacy in regressing atherosclerotic lesions. In a mouse model, this intensive lipid-lowering combination reduced plasma cholesterol levels, decreased macrophage accumulation, and improved lesion composition, making it a promising approach for treating atherosclerosis.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Perindopril, an ACE inhibitor, has been shown to prevent accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic models. Treatment with perindopril reduced plaque formation and inhibited the overexpression of ACE and inflammatory markers in the aorta, indicating its potential in managing diabetes-induced atherosclerosis.
Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE) Interventions
ALT-711 and Aminoguanidine (AG), which target AGE formation, have been effective in reducing diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. These treatments attenuated plaque area, reduced vascular AGE accumulation, and ameliorated diabetes-associated vascular changes, highlighting their therapeutic potential.
Natural Product-Based Therapies
Ginkgetin, a natural compound, has shown therapeutic effects in experimental atherosclerosis. It improved aortic structure, reduced lipid deposition, and modulated the NO/NOS system, suggesting its potential as a natural therapeutic candidate for atherosclerosis.
Innovative Techniques
Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT) is an emerging treatment that uses low-intensity ultrasound combined with sonosensitizers to target atherosclerotic plaques. SDT has been shown to suppress plaque formation and increase plaque stability, offering a novel approach to treating atherosclerosis.
Surgical Interventions
Optimizing surgical treatment for atherosclerosis of the infrarenal aorta and lower extremities involves assessing individual risk factors to plan appropriate surgical approaches. Improved surgical techniques and active management of postoperative complications have been shown to reduce the rate of significant complications, reoperations, and amputations, enhancing patient outcomes.
Conclusion
The treatment of aortic atherosclerosis involves a multifaceted approach, including stem cell therapy, antioxidant supplementation, pharmacological interventions, natural products, innovative techniques like SDT, and optimized surgical strategies. Each of these treatments offers unique benefits, and ongoing research continues to refine these approaches to improve patient outcomes.
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