Benadryl abuse
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Benadryl Abuse: Risks and Consequences
Introduction to Benadryl Abuse
Benadryl, a common over-the-counter antihistamine, is often misused or abused for its sedative and psychoactive effects. This misuse can lead to severe health complications, including fatal outcomes. Understanding the patterns, risks, and consequences of Benadryl abuse is crucial for public health interventions.
Accidental and Intentional Ingestions
Accidental Poisoning in Children
Accidental ingestion of Benadryl can be extremely dangerous, especially in young children. A case study reported the accidental ingestion of 474 mg of Benadryl by a 2-year-old child, which resulted in severe symptoms such as cyanosis, convulsions, cardiorespiratory depression, hyperthermia, and ultimately, death. The autopsy findings were similar to those of heat stroke, with petechial hemorrhages and cerebral edema noted.
Intentional Misuse Among Adolescents
Intentional misuse of Benadryl, particularly among adolescents, has been on the rise. A study analyzing data from the US National Poison Database System between 2007 and 2020 found a significant increase in diphenhydramine ingestions among adolescents aged 13-19 years. These ingestions were often intentional, with a notable number of cases linked to suspected suicide attempts. Serious outcomes such as cardiac complications, seizures, coma, and death were more common in cases of suspected suicide compared to misuse or abuse.
Methods of Abuse and Associated Risks
Central Venous Catheter Abuse
In some instances, Benadryl abuse involves the use of central venous catheters, particularly in chronically ill pediatric patients. A unique case highlighted the dangers of injecting crushed diphenhydramine capsules into a central venous catheter. This method of abuse led to acute but transient ST segment elevation and severe pulmonary hypertension. Although the pulmonary hypertension resolved with symptomatic treatment, the potential for fatal outcomes remains high.
Conclusion
Benadryl abuse, whether accidental or intentional, poses significant health risks. Accidental ingestions in children can lead to fatal outcomes, while intentional misuse among adolescents is associated with severe complications, particularly in cases of suspected suicide. Additionally, the misuse of central venous catheters for Benadryl administration can result in life-threatening conditions. Public health interventions are essential to address these risks and prevent further cases of Benadryl abuse.
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