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Some studies suggest that Mediterranean, low-carbohydrate, high-protein, and intermittent fasting diets can promote short-term weight loss, while other studies emphasize that long-term success depends on adherence and reduced-calorie intake regardless of diet type.
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Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity as an effective strategy for rapid weight loss. This dietary approach involves alternating periods of eating and fasting, such as the 5:2 diet or alternate day fasting (ADF). Studies have shown that IF can lead to significant weight loss and improvements in metabolic health. For instance, one study found that participants following an IF regimen lost an average of 4.0 kg over 12 months. Another study highlighted that ADF, whether combined with a high-fat or low-fat diet, resulted in similar weight loss and cardio-protective benefits. However, adherence to IF can be challenging due to hunger, which may limit its long-term sustainability.
Low-carbohydrate diets are another popular choice for those seeking to lose weight quickly. These diets typically involve reducing carbohydrate intake while increasing protein and fat consumption. Research indicates that low-carbohydrate diets can lead to greater weight loss compared to low-fat diets. In a two-year study, participants on a low-carbohydrate diet lost an average of 4.7 kg, compared to 2.9 kg for those on a low-fat diet. Additionally, low-carbohydrate diets have been shown to improve lipid profiles, including reductions in triglycerides and increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol .
The Mediterranean diet, which emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, is also effective for weight loss. This diet is not only beneficial for weight reduction but also for improving metabolic health. Participants following a Mediterranean diet in a two-year study lost an average of 4.4 kg and experienced favorable changes in glycemic control, particularly among those with diabetes. The Mediterranean diet's high fiber content and healthy fat ratio contribute to its effectiveness and sustainability .
When comparing various diets, it is evident that no single diet is universally superior for weight loss. Studies have shown that different diets, including low-fat, low-carbohydrate, and Mediterranean diets, can all lead to clinically meaningful weight loss when they create a negative energy balance. The key to success lies in adherence to the chosen diet. Regular professional support and behavioral change programs can enhance adherence and improve weight loss outcomes.
For those looking to lose weight quickly, intermittent fasting and low-carbohydrate diets are promising options. However, the Mediterranean diet offers a balanced approach with additional health benefits. Ultimately, the best diet is one that an individual can adhere to in the long term, creating a sustainable negative energy balance. Personal preferences and metabolic considerations should guide the choice of diet to ensure both effectiveness and adherence.
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