Bi polar test
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Understanding Bi-Polar Testing Techniques
Bi-Polar Planar Near-Field Measurement Technique
Implementation and Measurement Comparisons
The bi-polar planar near-field measurement technique is a novel approach designed to enhance antenna measurement accuracy and efficiency. This method utilizes an axially rotating test antenna and a rotating probe-carrying arm to sample the near-field on a grid composed of concentric circles and radial arcs. This setup offers several advantages, including a large scan plane size, reduced space requirements, and a straightforward mechanical implementation. The technique has been validated through comparisons with far-field range and plane-rectangular planar near-field range measurements, showing excellent agreement in both co-polarized and cross-polarized fields.
Bi-Polar Electrochemistry for Pitting Corrosion
Modified Approach for Corrosion Analysis
Bi-polar electrochemistry is a technique that creates a linear potential gradient between two feeder electrodes, enabling control over the full spectrum of anodic to cathodic reaction kinetics. A modified version of this approach involves superimposing a constant electrochemical potential on the gradient, which allows for precise control over the location and distribution of anodic and cathodic reactions on the sample surface. This method has been effectively applied to study pitting corrosion in austenitic stainless steel, demonstrating its utility in controlling corrosion extent based on the applied potential.
Bi-Polarization in Socio-Economic Studies
Simple Tests for Living Standards Distribution
Bi-polarization comparisons are used to analyze the distribution of living standards across different populations. These tests provide a first-order ordering of bi-polarization, offering an ethical basis and interpretation for using simple measures of distances from the median. By applying these tests to data from the Luxembourg Income Study, researchers can rank countries based on their bi-polarization measures, providing insights into socio-economic disparities .
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) with Nitroxide Biradicals
Enhancements at Various Temperatures
In the field of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) solid-state NMR, large molecular weight nitroxide biradicals, such as the bTbK biradical and its derivatives, serve as effective polarization sources. These biradicals have been tested at 9.4 T and temperatures around 100 K, showing that longer electron relaxation times correlate with higher DNP enhancements. Notably, the TEKPol biradical, a bulky derivative of bTbK, has demonstrated unprecedented proton enhancements of over 200 at 100 K and significant enhancements at higher temperatures, suggesting potential for further improvements in DNP efficiency.
Conclusion
Bi-polar testing techniques span a wide range of applications, from antenna measurements and corrosion analysis to socio-economic studies and nuclear polarization. Each method leverages the unique properties of bi-polar systems to achieve precise and reliable results, demonstrating the versatility and effectiveness of bi-polar approaches in various scientific and engineering fields.
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