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Secure Video Transmission Against Black Hole Attack in MANETs
Introduction to Black Hole Attacks in MANETs
Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are highly susceptible to various types of attacks due to their inherent characteristics such as dynamic topology, shared medium, lack of infrastructure, and resource constraints. One significant threat to MANETs is the black hole attack, where a malicious node, known as a black hole node, attracts all network traffic towards itself and then discards the packets without forwarding them to their intended recipients.
Impact on Video Transmission
Video transmission in MANETs is particularly vulnerable to black hole attacks. The dynamic nature of video data, which requires continuous and reliable packet delivery, makes it a prime target for disruption. When a black hole attack occurs, the video packets are intercepted and discarded, leading to significant degradation in video quality and interruptions in streaming.
Evaluating AODV and AOMDV Protocols
The Adhoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and its multi-path variant, Adhoc On-demand Multi-path Distance Vector (AOMDV), are commonly used routing protocols in MANETs. However, their performance can be severely impacted by black hole attacks. Research has shown that without security mechanisms, these protocols are unable to prevent malicious nodes from disrupting the network.
Proposed Solutions: SBAODV and SBAOMDV
To mitigate the effects of black hole attacks, non-cryptographic solutions such as Secure Blackhole AODV (SBAODV) and Secure Blackhole AOMDV (SBAOMDV) have been proposed. These solutions enhance the security of the AODV and AOMDV protocols by incorporating mechanisms to detect and avoid black hole nodes. Through simulations using the NS-2 network simulator, it has been demonstrated that SBAODV and SBAOMDV significantly improve the performance of video streaming in the presence of black hole attacks compared to the conventional AODV and AOMDV protocols.
Conclusion
Black hole attacks pose a serious threat to the integrity and reliability of video transmission in MANETs. However, by implementing secure routing protocols like SBAODV and SBAOMDV, it is possible to mitigate these attacks and ensure better performance and quality of video streaming. This research highlights the importance of developing robust security mechanisms to protect MANETs from malicious activities.
Pothole Detection System Using a Black-box Camera
Introduction to Pothole Detection
Potholes are a common issue on aging roads and can significantly impact road safety and transportation efficiency. Traditional methods of pothole detection, which rely on manual efforts, are time-consuming and inefficient. Recent advancements have led to the development of automatic detection systems, but these often suffer from high costs and unstable detection accuracy.
Black-box Camera-Based Detection System
To address these challenges, a new pothole detection system using a commercial black-box camera has been introduced. This system leverages the widespread availability and low cost of black-box cameras to detect potholes over a wide area accurately and in real-time.
Novel Detection Algorithm
The proposed system includes a novel pothole-detection algorithm designed to work within the embedded computing environments of black-box cameras. This algorithm processes the video data captured by the camera to identify potholes based on their visual characteristics. Experimental results have shown that this system can detect potholes accurately and efficiently, providing a cost-effective solution for road maintenance.
Conclusion
The black-box camera-based pothole detection system offers a promising alternative to traditional and more expensive detection methods. By utilizing readily available technology and innovative algorithms, this system can enhance road safety and maintenance efficiency, ultimately reducing the risk of accidents caused by potholes.
In summary, both secure video transmission in MANETs and pothole detection using black-box cameras represent significant advancements in their respective fields. These innovations highlight the importance of developing practical and cost-effective solutions to address real-world challenges.
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