Blood glucose 109
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Blood Glucose Levels of 109 mg/dL: Health Implications and Risks
Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and Cardiovascular Risks
Individuals with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels between 100 and 109 mg/dL are classified under the new impaired fasting glucose (IFG) criteria set by the American Diabetes Association in 2003. This reclassification has significant implications for identifying individuals at risk for cardiovascular diseases. A study conducted in southern Taiwan found that 14.2% of participants fell into this IFG category, with higher mean body weight, body mass index (BMI), abdominal girth, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, 2-hour glucose, and triglyceride levels compared to those with normal fasting glucose (NFG) levels. These findings suggest that individuals with FPG between 100 and 109 mg/dL have increased cardiovascular risks, particularly those who also exhibit impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
Blood Glucose and Heart Failure Risk
Elevated blood glucose levels, even in the absence of diabetes, are associated with an increased risk of heart failure. A study involving 20,810 nondiabetic patients revealed that those with baseline morning glucose levels between 100 and 109 mg/dL had a significantly higher incidence of heart failure compared to those with glucose levels below 90 mg/dL. The incidence rate of heart failure increased progressively with higher glucose levels, highlighting a clear correlation between elevated blood glucose and heart failure risk. This underscores the importance of monitoring and managing blood glucose levels to mitigate heart failure risk.
Insulin Resistance and Liver Function
In individuals with fasting glucose levels between 100 and 109 mg/dL, there is a notable decrease in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Research indicates that these individuals exhibit higher levels of insulin resistance (IR) and lower β-cell function, as assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR and HOMA-%B, respectively). Additionally, liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are elevated, suggesting a link between liver dysfunction and the progression of insulin resistance in this population. These findings highlight the metabolic challenges faced by individuals with slightly elevated fasting glucose levels.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Pre-IFG State
Endothelial dysfunction, a precursor to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, is also associated with elevated fasting blood glucose levels. A large-scale study found that individuals with fasting blood glucose levels between 100 and 109 mg/dL had significantly reduced flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), an indicator of endothelial function, compared to those with levels below 100 mg/dL. This suggests that even pre-IFG states (glucose levels of 95-99 mg/dL) pose a risk for endothelial dysfunction, emphasizing the need for early intervention.
Conclusion
Blood glucose levels of 109 mg/dL, while not diagnostic of diabetes, are associated with several health risks, including increased cardiovascular risk, higher incidence of heart failure, decreased insulin sensitivity, and endothelial dysfunction. These findings underscore the importance of early detection and management of elevated blood glucose levels to prevent the progression of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Regular monitoring and lifestyle interventions are crucial for individuals with fasting glucose levels in this range to mitigate these risks.
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