Business model canvas
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Business Model Canvas: A Comprehensive Overview
Introduction to Business Model Canvas
The Business Model Canvas (BMC) is a strategic management tool that provides a holistic perspective on how a business creates, delivers, and captures value. It is widely used by managers to initiate new businesses or revise strategies of existing ones by assessing the configuration of activities needed to deliver on a firm's value proposition .
Application in Product-Service Systems (PSS)
The BMC has been instrumental in the design and classification of Product-Service Systems (PSS). Research has identified 60 PSS design methods, which were analyzed and classified using the BMC. These methods were grouped into three main categories based on their focus areas: infrastructure and offering; infrastructure, offering, and customers; and infrastructure, offering, customers, and finance. However, very few methods address all BMC building blocks such as Key Partners, Customer Segments, Cost Structure, and Revenue Streams.
Sustainability-Oriented Business Models
Triple Layered Business Model Canvas
The Triple Layered Business Model Canvas extends the original BMC by adding two additional layers: an environmental layer based on a lifecycle perspective and a social layer based on a stakeholder perspective. This tool helps organizations generate economic, environmental, and social value, providing a more integrated and holistic view of a business model. It supports sustainable business model innovation by structuring sustainability issues and fostering creative solutions.
Responsible Business Model Canvas
The Responsible Business Model Canvas (RBMC) is designed to be user-friendly for students and start-up entrepreneurs, integrating sustainability into business models. It consists of 14 building blocks grouped into four areas: consistency, desirability, feasibility, and viability. This tool helps raise awareness about sustainability concerns and encourages the development of long-term visions that incorporate compensatory, mitigative, or corrective actions.
Sector-Specific Adaptations
Energy Enterprises
In the energy sector, the BMC has been modified to better capture the unique aspects of energy enterprises. This adaptation includes additional blocks for mission, energy accountability, and impact on stakeholders. These modifications address the limitations of existing BMC adaptations and emphasize the importance of accountability in business operations.
Internet of Things (IoT)
For IoT businesses, a specialized BMC framework has been proposed, which includes standard and optional modules to accommodate the diverse possibilities offered by IoT technologies. This framework supports both manufacturing and service organizations, providing flexibility to suit different IoT business goals.
Educational and Social Applications
Business Information Literacy
The BMC has also been used as a platform for business information literacy instruction. It helps entrepreneurship students understand the different purposes of various information sources and integrate research findings into their business planning. This approach imposes an iterative process of making and testing assumptions against research, enhancing students' ability to develop robust business models.
Social Enterprise Model Canvas
The Social Enterprise Model Canvas (SEMC) is tailored for social enterprises, addressing challenges related to mission measurement, strategy, legitimacy, and governance. It includes building blocks that consider non-targeted stakeholders, principles of governance, and measures of impact and output. This tool helps prevent mission drift and supports the development of sustainable social enterprises.
Conclusion
The Business Model Canvas is a versatile tool that has been adapted for various applications, from product-service systems to sustainable business models and sector-specific adaptations. Its ability to provide a comprehensive and integrated view of a business model makes it invaluable for managers, entrepreneurs, and educators alike. By continuously evolving to meet the needs of different industries and sustainability goals, the BMC remains a critical framework for business innovation and strategy development.
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