Calcium channel blockers list
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Summary
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These studies suggest calcium channel blockers include benzothiazepines (diltiazem), phenylalkylamines (verapamil, gallopamil), dihydropyridines (nifedipine, nicardipine, nisoldipine, nimodipine, nitradipine, nilvadipine, nitrendipine, benidipine, felodipine, amlodipine, barnidipine, cilnidipine, efonidipine, manidipine, lacidipine, isradipine, lercanidipine, aranidipine, azelnidipine, pranidipine, clevidipine), and tetraols (mibefradil).
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Comprehensive List of Calcium Channel Blockers
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are a diverse group of medications widely used to manage various cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias. They function by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions through voltage-gated L-type calcium channels, leading to vasodilation and reduced cardiac workload . This article provides a detailed list of CCBs, categorized into their respective subgroups, along with their therapeutic uses.
Classification of Calcium Channel Blockers
Dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines primarily act on vascular smooth muscle, leading to vasodilation and are commonly used to treat hypertension and angina. Some of the well-known dihydropyridines include:
- Amlodipine: Used for hypertension and angina .
- Nifedipine: Effective in treating hypertension and angina, and also used for Raynaud's phenomenon .
- Felodipine: Prescribed for hypertension.
- Nicardipine: Used in hypertension and angina.
- Nimodipine: Specifically used for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage .
- Isradipine: Used for hypertension.
- Nisoldipine: Another option for hypertension.
- Lercanidipine: Used for hypertension.
- Clevidipine: Administered intravenously for acute hypertension.
Non-Dihydropyridines
Non-dihydropyridines have more pronounced effects on the heart, making them suitable for treating arrhythmias and certain types of angina. Key non-dihydropyridines include:
- Verapamil: Used for hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias .
- Diltiazem: Effective in treating hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias .
Other Subgroups
There are also other subgroups of CCBs with unique properties:
- Benzothiazepines: Diltiazem falls under this category.
- Phenylalkylamines: Verapamil and gallopamil are included here.
- Tetraols: Mibefradil, which was withdrawn from the market due to side effects, belongs to this group.
Therapeutic Uses of Calcium Channel Blockers
Hypertension and Angina
CCBs are primarily used to manage hypertension and angina due to their vasodilatory effects . Long-acting formulations are preferred to avoid fluctuations in blood pressure and to provide sustained therapeutic effects.
Arrhythmias
Non-dihydropyridines like verapamil and diltiazem are particularly effective in treating supraventricular arrhythmias due to their cardioselective properties .
Other Uses
CCBs have been found useful in a variety of other conditions:
- Raynaud's Phenomenon: Nifedipine and other dihydropyridines are used to alleviate symptoms .
- Migraine: Nimodipine and other CCBs have shown efficacy in treating migraines .
- Cerebral Vasospasm: Nimodipine is specifically used for this condition following subarachnoid hemorrhage .
- Renal Protection: CCBs can improve renal perfusion and are used in renal transplantation to protect against nephrotoxins.
Conclusion
Calcium channel blockers are a versatile class of medications with a wide range of therapeutic applications. They are categorized into dihydropyridines and non-dihydropyridines, each with specific uses based on their pharmacological properties. Understanding the different types of CCBs and their indications can help in optimizing treatment strategies for various cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular conditions.
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