Calcium Citrate Tablets

Calcium Citrate Tablets: Bioavailability, Dissolution, and Clinical Applications

Bioavailability of Calcium Citrate Tablets

Calcium citrate is a commonly used supplement for individuals needing additional calcium intake, particularly those at risk of osteoporosis or other calcium-deficiency conditions. Studies have shown that calcium citrate has a different absorption profile compared to other calcium salts. For instance, a study comparing calcium carbonate powder and calcium citrate tablets found that calcium carbonate had higher bioavailability in terms of total and ionized calcium absorption in healthy premenopausal women. However, another study indicated that calcium citrate might offer better bioavailability than calcium carbonate when measured by urinary calcium excretion.

Dissolution Characteristics of Calcium Citrate Tablets

The dissolution rate of calcium supplements is crucial for their effectiveness. Research has demonstrated that calcium citrate malate tablets dissolve well across a range of acidic conditions, making them suitable for individuals with varying stomach acid levels, including those with achlorhydria. This characteristic ensures that calcium citrate can be effectively absorbed even in individuals with reduced stomach acid production.

Clinical Applications of Calcium Citrate

Osteoporosis and Bone Health

Calcium citrate is frequently recommended for osteoporosis management due to its favorable absorption profile. It is particularly beneficial for individuals who have undergone bariatric surgery, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, where calcium absorption can be compromised. A study found that effervescent potassium-calcium-citrate (PCC) was more bioavailable than calcium citrate tablets in these patients, leading to better calcium absorption and reduced parathyroid hormone levels.

Hypoparathyroidism and Nephrolithiasis

In patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism, calcium citrate has been shown to be effective in maintaining serum calcium levels and reducing the risk of nephrolithiasis. A randomized, double-blind crossover trial demonstrated that calcium citrate was associated with a significant reduction in urinary oxalate excretion compared to calcium carbonate, which could potentially lower the risk of kidney stones. This makes calcium citrate a preferable option for patients with a history of nephrolithiasis or those who do not tolerate calcium carbonate well.

Achlorhydria and Hypocitraturia

Calcium citrate is also beneficial for individuals with achlorhydria, a condition characterized by low stomach acid production, as it does not require an acidic environment for absorption. Additionally, citrate salts, including calcium citrate, are used in the treatment of hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis due to their ability to inhibit kidney stone formation .

Conclusion

Calcium citrate tablets offer a versatile and effective option for calcium supplementation, particularly for individuals with specific health conditions such as osteoporosis, hypoparathyroidism, and nephrolithiasis. Their favorable dissolution characteristics and bioavailability make them suitable for a wide range of patients, including those with reduced stomach acid production. As research continues, calcium citrate remains a valuable tool in the management of calcium deficiency and related disorders.

Summary

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