Can hpv cause cancer
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Consensus Meter
The Link Between HPV and Cancer
HPV and Cervical Cancer
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant cause of various cancers, with cervical cancer being the most prominent. Nearly all cases of cervical cancer are attributable to HPV infection, particularly high-risk types such as HPV16 and HPV18 . These high-risk HPV types lead to the degradation of tumor suppressor proteins like p53 and pRb, which disrupts normal cell cycle control and promotes carcinogenesis.
HPV and Other Anogenital Cancers
HPV is also responsible for a substantial fraction of other anogenital cancers, including cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, and anus. These cancers are similarly linked to high-risk HPV types, with HPV16 and HPV18 being the most common . The prevalence of HPV in these cancers underscores the virus's role in their development and highlights the importance of preventive measures such as vaccination.
HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancers
In addition to anogenital cancers, HPV is a known cause of oropharyngeal cancers, particularly those affecting the tonsils and base of the tongue. These cancers are more common in developed countries and are predominantly caused by HPV16 . The distinct molecular and clinical characteristics of HPV-positive head and neck cancers differentiate them from those not caused by HPV, emphasizing the virus's unique role in these malignancies.
Global Burden of HPV-Attributable Cancers
Globally, HPV is responsible for approximately 4.5% of all cancers, with a higher burden in women (8.6%) compared to men (0.8%). Cervical cancer accounts for the majority of HPV-attributable cancers, particularly in less developed countries where access to preventive measures is limited. Other HPV-related cancers, including those of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx, also contribute significantly to the global cancer burden .
Prevention and Vaccination
Universal access to HPV vaccination is crucial in reducing the incidence of HPV-attributable cancers. The 9-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) protects against multiple high-risk HPV types, including those most commonly associated with cancer. Increasing vaccination coverage, along with regular screening programs, can significantly lower the rates of HPV-related cancers and improve public health outcomes .
Conclusion
HPV is a major cause of several cancers, with cervical cancer being the most well-known. The virus also contributes to other anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Preventive measures, particularly vaccination, are essential in reducing the global burden of these cancers. Understanding the role of HPV in cancer development underscores the importance of continued efforts in vaccination and screening to combat HPV-related malignancies.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic