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These studies suggest that diabetes can lead to premature death due to complications such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, renal issues, and infections.
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Diabetes significantly contributes to global mortality rates. In 2019, it was estimated that 4.2 million deaths among adults aged 20-79 were attributable to diabetes, accounting for 11.3% of deaths globally. This impact varies by region, with the highest proportion of diabetes-related deaths occurring in the Middle East and North Africa (16.2%) and the lowest in Africa (6.8%). Similarly, in 2013, diabetes was responsible for approximately 5.1 million deaths, representing 8.4% of all-cause mortality in adults aged 20-79.
While diabetes itself is a significant health concern, most deaths among diabetic patients are due to related complications rather than the disease itself. Cardiovascular diseases, renal failure, and infections are common causes of death in individuals with diabetes . For instance, in Mexico City, diabetes was associated with a higher risk of death from renal disease, cardiac disease, infections, and acute diabetic crises. In the UK, cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death among diabetic patients, accounting for 49.1% of deaths.
The risk of death in diabetic patients is influenced by glycemic control and the presence of complications. Poor glycemic control and severe renal complications significantly increase the risk of mortality. For example, in Sweden, patients with type 2 diabetes and poor glycemic control had a higher risk of death compared to the general population. Similarly, in a study involving 820,900 people, diabetes was associated with increased mortality from various causes, including cancer, infectious diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The impact of diabetes on mortality also varies by age and gender. Younger individuals with diabetes face a higher relative risk of death compared to older individuals. For instance, in Sweden, the hazard ratio for death from any cause among patients younger than 55 years was significantly higher than for those older than 75 years. Additionally, women with diabetes generally have a slightly higher mortality rate compared to men.
In summary, diabetes is a significant contributor to global mortality, primarily through its complications such as cardiovascular disease, renal failure, and infections. Effective glycemic control and management of complications are crucial in reducing the mortality risk associated with diabetes. The impact of diabetes on mortality varies by region, age, and gender, highlighting the need for tailored healthcare interventions to address this global health challenge.
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