Canabis sativa
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Cannabis Sativa: A Multifaceted Plant with Diverse Applications
Introduction to Cannabis Sativa
Cannabis sativa, originating from Central Asia, is a versatile plant with a rich history of use in medicine, textiles, and construction. This plant has garnered renewed interest due to its wide range of applications and the diverse phytochemicals it produces1.
Phytochemicals in Cannabis Sativa
Cannabinoids: The Most Studied Compounds
Cannabinoids are the most researched group of compounds in Cannabis sativa, with over 125 identified cannabinoids. These compounds, including the well-known Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), have significant pharmaceutical effects, such as psychotropic activities and potential therapeutic benefits for various conditions1 3 4.
Non-Cannabinoid Compounds: Terpenes and Phenolics
In addition to cannabinoids, Cannabis sativa contains a variety of non-cannabinoid compounds, including terpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids. These compounds contribute to the plant's medicinal properties and have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and other bioactive effects3 7 8.
Therapeutic Applications
Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of Cannabis sativa in promoting cutaneous wound healing and exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. For instance, topical application of cannabis extracts significantly accelerated wound healing in albino Wistar rats and reduced inflammation markers in vitro2 10.
Historical and Ethnopharmacological Uses
Cannabis sativa has been used historically for various therapeutic purposes, including the treatment of rheumatism, epilepsy, asthma, and gastrointestinal issues. Its psychoactive properties have also been utilized for recreational and spiritual purposes4 7.
Industrial and Biotechnological Applications
Fiber and Construction Materials
Cannabis sativa is a valuable source of both cellulosic and woody fibers, making it useful in the textile and construction industries. The plant's fibers can be used to produce bioplastics and concrete-like materials, highlighting its potential in sustainable construction1.
Genetic Engineering and Metabolomics
Advancements in plant genetic engineering and -omics technologies, such as metabolomics and transcriptomics, are paving the way for enhanced production and bioactivity of hemp secondary metabolites. These technologies can help identify and produce lead agents from bioengineered Cannabis cell cultures on a large scale1.
Domestication and Genetic Insights
Recent genome analyses have provided insights into the domestication history of Cannabis sativa. The plant was first domesticated in early Neolithic times in East Asia, and current hemp and drug cultivars have diverged from an ancestral gene pool. This research has identified candidate genes associated with traits differentiating hemp and drug cultivars, offering valuable resources for ongoing breeding research6.
Conclusion
Cannabis sativa is a plant of immense potential, with applications spanning medicine, industry, and biotechnology. Its rich phytochemical profile, historical significance, and recent genetic insights underscore the importance of continued research to fully harness its benefits. As legal and societal perspectives evolve, the therapeutic and industrial applications of Cannabis sativa are likely to expand, offering new opportunities for innovation and sustainability.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
Cannabis sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules
Cannabis sativa L. is a valuable source of phytochemicals and fibers, with potential health benefits and potential for bioplastics and construction materials.
Literature Review
Highly CitedEfficacious Effect of Cannabis Sativa (Indian Hemp) on Cutaneous Wound Healing and its Haemostatic and Chemical Profile in Adult Male Albino Wistar Rat
Cannabis sativa (Indian hemp) effectively speeds up wound healing and reduces blood clotting time in albino wistar rats, with more significant effects in females than in males.
RCT
Animal StudyCannabinoids, Phenolics, Terpenes and Alkaloids of Cannabis
Cannabis sativa contains a complex mixture of cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid-type constituents, with terpenes, non-cannabinoid phenolics, and alkaloids playing key roles in its medicinal properties.
Highly CitedCannabis sativa: A comprehensive ethnopharmacological review of a medicinal plant with a long history.
Cannabis sativa has long been used for therapeutic and recreational purposes, but its use remains controversial due to its association with various central and peripheral pathophysiological mechanisms.
Literature ReviewHighly CitedBeiträge zur ökologischen Chemie LXVI
13 hydrocarbons, including n-nonacosane, were isolated from Canabis sativa extract using column chromatography and gas chromatography-masspectrometry techniques.
Large-scale whole-genome resequencing unravels the domestication history of Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa was first domesticated in early Neolithic times in East Asia, with current hemp and drug cultivars diverging from an ancestral gene pool in China.
Highly CitedThe Medicinal Natural Products of Cannabis sativa Linn.: A Review
Cannabis sativa Linn. has significant medicinal potential, with cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid phenols showing potential in preventing and treating life-threatening diseases when chemically standardized and administered under medical supervision.
Literature ReviewCannabis Phenolics and their Bioactivities.
Cannabis sativa L. contains a diverse range of non-cannabinoids compounds, which could enhance the beneficial effects of THC and reduce undesirable side effects.
Systematic ReviewHighly CitedSecondary metabolism in cannabis
Cannabis sativa L.'s secondary metabolism involves the biosynthesis of cannabinoids, flavonoids, stilbenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and lignans, with cannabinoid biosynthesis being the most studied pathway.
Highly CitedAnti-inflammatory effect of methanol extracts of hemp leaf in IL-1β-induced synovitis
Hemp leaf extracts show potential as an anti-inflammatory counteractant in synovitis, reducing inflammation-related biomarkers in vitro.
In Vitro Study