Cancer pre
Searched over 200M research papers for "cancer pre"
Summary
10 papers analyzed
These studies suggest that preoperative treatments in cancer, such as chemotherapy and chemoradiation, can offer benefits like symptom relief, downstaging, and increased surgical options, but their impact on survival and disease outcomes varies and may not always be significant.
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Pre-Therapeutic Interventions in Cancer: Prevalence, Predictive Value, and Outcomes
Prevalence of Pre-Therapeutic Sarcopenia in Cancer Patients
Sarcopenia in Cancer Patients
Sarcopenia, characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is prevalent among cancer patients even before the initiation of treatment. A systematic review involving 6,894 participants found that 38.6% of cancer patients exhibited pre-therapeutic sarcopenia, with the highest prevalence observed in oesophageal and small-cell lung cancers. This condition is significantly associated with adverse outcomes, including post-operative complications, chemotherapy-induced toxicity, and reduced survival rates.
Preoperative Chemotherapy in Cancer Treatment
Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Preoperative chemotherapy has been extensively studied in early-stage and locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A randomized trial comparing preoperative to perioperative chemotherapy in early-stage NSCLC found no significant difference in overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) between the two approaches. However, chemotherapy compliance was higher in the preoperative group. Another study on stage III NSCLC indicated that adding chemoradiation to preoperative chemotherapy improved pathological response and mediastinal downstaging but did not enhance survival outcomes.
Breast Cancer
In operable breast cancer, preoperative chemotherapy has been shown to downstage tumors, allowing for more breast-conserving surgeries. However, it does not significantly improve overall survival or progression-free survival compared to postoperative chemotherapy . The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial 10902 confirmed these findings, highlighting that preoperative chemotherapy facilitates breast conservation without compromising survival outcomes.
Cancer Prehabilitation: Enhancing Treatment Outcomes
Physical and Psychological Prehabilitation
Cancer prehabilitation, which involves interventions between diagnosis and the start of acute treatment, aims to improve patients' physical and psychological health. This approach has been shown to decrease treatment-related morbidity, increase treatment options, and improve overall health outcomes. Prehabilitation can include aerobic conditioning, strength training, and psychological support, which collectively enhance patients' readiness for treatment and potentially improve compliance and survival outcomes.
Impact of Pre-Existing Mental Illness on Cancer Outcomes
Stage at Diagnosis and Survival
Patients with pre-existing mental illnesses are at a higher risk of being diagnosed at an advanced cancer stage and have poorer survival rates. A meta-analysis revealed that individuals with severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, face significant disparities in cancer care, leading to worse outcomes. This underscores the need for targeted interventions to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment in this vulnerable population.
Conclusion
Pre-therapeutic interventions, including the management of sarcopenia, preoperative chemotherapy, and cancer prehabilitation, play crucial roles in optimizing cancer treatment outcomes. While preoperative chemotherapy can facilitate less invasive surgeries, it does not necessarily improve survival rates. Prehabilitation offers a promising approach to enhance patients' physical and psychological readiness for treatment. Additionally, addressing the unique challenges faced by cancer patients with pre-existing mental illnesses is essential for improving their care and outcomes. Further research is needed to refine these interventions and maximize their benefits for cancer patients.
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