Cancer survivor
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Understanding the Concept of a Cancer Survivor
Defining "Cancer Survivor"
The term "cancer survivor" is widely used but lacks a unanimous definition. Various clinical institutions, academic bodies, and political organizations have different interpretations of what constitutes a cancer survivor. The most commonly accepted definition is that cancer survivorship begins at the moment of diagnosis and continues through the balance of life. This definition encompasses not only the medical needs of the patient but also their psychological and legal needs, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive care from the beginning of the diagnosis.
Variability in Cancer Survivor Identity
Individuals diagnosed with cancer interpret the term "cancer survivor" differently, which can affect how they cope with their illness. Research categorizes these individuals into five groups based on their attitudes: embracing, constructive, ambiguous, resisting, and non-salient. Identification as a cancer survivor is more prevalent among breast cancer patients and less so among those with prostate cancer. Self-identifying as a cancer survivor is linked to better quality of life and mental well-being, particularly for those diagnosed in childhood.
Increasing Number of Cancer Survivors
The number of cancer survivors is on the rise due to advances in early detection and treatment, as well as the aging and growth of the population. As of January 1, 2019, there were more than 16.9 million Americans with a history of cancer, a number projected to exceed 22.1 million by 2030. This growing population has unique medical and psychosocial needs that require proactive assessment and management by healthcare providers .
Health Care Utilization During Cancer Survivorship
Cancer survivors have greater healthcare needs that persist from diagnosis through the survivorship phase. Most survivors visit a primary care provider annually, and visits to oncologists and other specialists are associated with receiving cancer screenings and quality care for non-cancer-related conditions. Effective survivorship care models should minimize care fragmentation and reduce redundant healthcare utilization.
Employment and Work-Related Issues
Cancer survivors face significant employment challenges. Approximately 63.5% of survivors return to work, but they are at increased risk for unemployment, early retirement, and job loss. Factors that facilitate return to work include employer accommodation, flexible working arrangements, and access to counseling and rehabilitation services. However, many survivors experience changes in work schedules, hours, wages, and a decline in work ability compared to non-cancer groups.
Long-Term and Late Effects of Cancer Treatment
Cancer treatments, while lifesaving, often result in long-term and late adverse effects. These effects are more prevalent and serious than expected, particularly among those diagnosed as adults. Regular follow-up care is essential for timely diagnosis and treatment of adverse outcomes, recurrences, second cancers, and co-morbidities. There is a need for standardized, evidence-based follow-up care practices to address the complex morbidity experienced by survivors .
Conclusion
The concept of a cancer survivor is multifaceted and varies among individuals and organizations. The increasing number of cancer survivors highlights the need for comprehensive care models that address their unique medical and psychosocial needs. Effective survivorship care requires collaboration among healthcare providers, employers, and policymakers to ensure that survivors receive the support they need to lead fulfilling lives. Continued research and development of evidence-based resources are crucial to optimizing care for this growing population.
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