Why do we have to eat carbohydrates?

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The Importance of Carbohydrates in Human Nutrition

Carbohydrates as an Energy Source

Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy in the human diet. They are metabolized to provide glucose, which is essential for bodily functions and physical activity . The body uses glucose for immediate energy needs, stores it as glycogen in the liver and muscles, and can convert it into fat through a process called de novo lipogenesis, although this latter pathway is not significant under normal dietary conditions. The brain, in particular, requires a constant supply of glucose, making carbohydrates crucial for cognitive functions.

Carbohydrates and Gut Health

Carbohydrates, especially those rich in fiber, play a vital role in maintaining gut health. Fiber supports the growth of beneficial gut microorganisms, which in turn positively affect the host's health. A healthy gut microbiota is linked to improved mental health and the proper functioning of various bodily systems. Conversely, a diet high in refined and simple carbohydrates can disrupt this balance, leading to negative health outcomes.

Carbohydrates and Appetite Regulation

Carbohydrates also influence appetite and satiety. Different types of carbohydrates have varying effects on hunger and meal patterns. High-carbohydrate foods can modulate appetite by affecting blood glucose levels, which in turn influence feelings of hunger and fullness. This regulation helps in maintaining a balanced energy intake and can prevent overeating.

Carbohydrates and Cardiometabolic Health

The quality of carbohydrates consumed is crucial for cardiometabolic health. Diets high in fiber and whole grains are associated with lower risks of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and colorectal cancer . On the other hand, diets high in refined carbohydrates and sugars are linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome . Therefore, focusing on the quality rather than the quantity of carbohydrates is essential for long-term health benefits .

Misconceptions About Carbohydrates

There is a common misconception that carbohydrates are an essential macronutrient. While the body can produce glucose through gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in the absence of dietary carbohydrates, this does not negate the benefits of consuming high-quality carbohydrates. Carbohydrates provide not only energy but also essential nutrients and fiber that support overall health.

Conclusion

Carbohydrates are a vital component of a balanced diet, providing essential energy, supporting gut health, regulating appetite, and contributing to cardiometabolic health. The focus should be on consuming high-quality carbohydrates, such as whole grains and fiber-rich foods, to maximize health benefits while minimizing potential risks associated with refined and simple carbohydrates.