Cardiac illness list

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Comprehensive List of Cardiac Illnesses

Cardiac illnesses encompass a wide range of conditions affecting the heart and its functions. This article synthesizes findings from multiple research papers to provide a detailed overview of various cardiac illnesses, their implications, and associated factors.

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

Keywords: Acute Myocardial Infarction, Heart Attack, Cardiac Rehabilitation

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked for a long enough time that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies. AMI is a significant predictor of attendance at cardiac rehabilitation, with patients' perceptions of their illness influencing their likelihood to attend rehabilitation programs.

Heart Failure (HF)

Keywords: Heart Failure, Brain Injury, Systemic Illness

Heart Failure (HF) is a chronic condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to systemic complications. HF can cause brain injury due to reduced cardiac output and other factors such as neurohormonal and inflammatory mechanisms. This condition is also associated with Non-thyroidal Illness Syndrome (NTIS), which is prevalent in 21.7% of cardiovascular patients and is linked to increased risks of mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Arrhythmias

Keywords: Arrhythmias, Cardiac Rhythm Disorders

Arrhythmias are disorders of the heart rate or rhythm, where the heart beats too fast, too slow, or irregularly. These can range from benign to life-threatening conditions. Arrhythmias are often seen in patients with other cardiac conditions such as myocardial ischemia and heart failure.

Acute Cardiac Injury

Keywords: Acute Cardiac Injury, COVID-19, Cardiac Troponins

Acute cardiac injury, characterized by elevated cardiac troponins, is a common cardiac abnormality in COVID-19 patients, occurring in approximately 8-12% of cases. This injury is primarily due to direct myocardial damage from the virus and systemic inflammation .

Cardiomyopathy

Keywords: Cardiomyopathy, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Viral Infections

Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle, which can be caused by various factors including viral infections. Viral infections can lead to conditions such as acute myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy, which may progress to heart failure and other severe cardiac issues.

Non-thyroidal Illness Syndrome (NTIS)

Keywords: Non-thyroidal Illness Syndrome, Cardiovascular Diseases, Prognostic Factor

NTIS is characterized by low levels of triiodothyronine without an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone, commonly seen in critically ill cardiovascular patients. It is an independent prognostic factor associated with higher mortality and adverse cardiovascular events.

Cardiac Arrest

Keywords: Cardiac Arrest, Illness Severity Score, Multiple Organ Failure

Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of heart function, leading to a cessation of blood flow to the body. Illness severity scores, such as the SOFA and FOUR scores, are used to predict outcomes post-cardiac arrest, including survival rates and the development of multiple organ failure.

Congenital Heart Disease

Keywords: Congenital Heart Disease, Pediatric Cardiac ICU, Critical Illness

Congenital heart disease refers to heart abnormalities present from birth. Prolonged critical illness after congenital heart surgery is a significant concern, with predictors including mechanical ventilation days and acute renal failure. These factors contribute to higher mortality rates and prolonged ICU stays.

Noncardiovascular Illnesses in Cardiac Patients

Keywords: Noncardiovascular Illnesses, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Morbidity

Noncardiovascular illnesses, such as sepsis, acute kidney injury, and acute respiratory failure, are prevalent in cardiac intensive care units and significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. These conditions often complicate the management of primary cardiac diseases.

Mental Health and Cardiac Outcomes

Keywords: Mental Health, Cardiac Risk Factors, Depression, Anxiety

Mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, are significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Patients with these psychiatric conditions have higher rates of cardiac morbidity and mortality. Effective management of mental health can improve cardiac outcomes.

Conclusion

Cardiac illnesses are diverse and multifaceted, often interlinked with other systemic conditions and influenced by various risk factors. Understanding these conditions and their implications is crucial for effective management and improving patient outcomes. Further research is essential to deepen our understanding and develop better therapeutic strategies.