Cardiovascular prevalence
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Summary
10 papers analyzed
These studies suggest a high and increasing global prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, influenced by risk factors such as diabetes, lifestyle behaviors, and socio-economic disparities.
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Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease: A Global Perspective
Global Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global mortality and a significant contributor to disability. The prevalence of CVDs has nearly doubled from 271 million cases in 1990 to 523 million cases in 2019, with deaths increasing from 12.1 million to 18.6 million over the same period. This rise is attributed to various factors, including lifestyle changes, aging populations, and increased prevalence of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.
Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the prevalence of CVD is notably high. A systematic review of literature from 2007 to 2017 found that 32.2% of adults with T2DM had some form of CVD. Specific conditions included coronary heart disease (21.2%), heart failure (14.9%), angina (14.6%), myocardial infarction (10.0%), and stroke (7.6%). CVD was also a major cause of mortality in this group, accounting for approximately half of all deaths.
Cardiovascular Disease in Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, the prevalence of CVD among adults has shown a significant increase over the past few decades. A systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a weighted pooled prevalence of 5.0%, with higher rates in urban areas (8%) compared to rural areas (2%). The most common CVD was heart disease (21%), while stroke had the lowest prevalence (1%).
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in China
In China, the prevalence of CVD and its risk factors is also concerning. Data from the 2007-2008 China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study indicated that the prevalence of coronary heart disease, stroke, and overall CVD was 0.74%, 1.07%, and 1.78% in males, and 0.51%, 0.60%, and 1.10% in females, respectively. The study also highlighted high rates of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia among the population.
Cardiovascular Disease in Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Adolescents in low- and middle-income countries are not exempt from CVD risk factors. A meta-analysis of data from 65 countries found that 12.1% of adolescents used tobacco, 15.7% used alcohol, 74.3% had low fruit and vegetable intake, 71.4% reported low physical activity, and 7.1% were obese. These risk factors often co-occur, increasing the likelihood of developing CVD later in life.
Cardiovascular Disease in South Asian Migrants
South Asian migrants to high-income countries have a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to their native counterparts. This increased risk is driven by factors such as higher rates of abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Lifestyle changes post-migration, including reduced physical activity and dietary changes, further exacerbate this risk.
Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults
In long-term healthcare facilities, older adults exhibit high prevalence and incidence rates of CVD. A study involving 1,160 men and 2,464 women found similar rates of hypertension, pacemaker rhythm, CAD, and thromboembolic stroke between genders, although men had higher rates of atrial fibrillation and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The incidence of new coronary events, thromboembolic stroke, and congestive heart failure was also significant.
Conclusion
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is a growing global health concern, affecting diverse populations across different regions and age groups. Effective prevention and management strategies are crucial to mitigate the rising burden of CVD and its associated risk factors. Addressing lifestyle factors, improving healthcare infrastructure, and implementing targeted interventions can help reduce the global impact of cardiovascular diseases.
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