Causes of stomach ache and diarrhoea
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Common Infectious Causes of Stomach Ache and Diarrhoea
Stomach ache and diarrhoea are most often caused by infections, particularly gastroenteritis, which is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines. The main infectious agents include viruses (such as norovirus and rotavirus), bacteria, and parasites. These infections typically present with symptoms like watery diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes fever. Well-known forms include traveller’s diarrhoea and food poisoning, which are often linked to contaminated food or water. Norovirus, in particular, is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and is highly contagious, spreading easily from person to person and through contaminated surfaces or food. The illness usually lasts a few days but can cause severe dehydration if not managed properly. Temporary food intolerances, especially lactose intolerance, may also follow an episode of gastroenteritis 124.
Chronic and Non-Infectious Causes: IBS, IBD, and Food Intolerances
Beyond infections, chronic conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are significant causes of stomach ache and diarrhoea. IBS is a disorder of the large intestine that often presents with abdominal pain, bloating, and alternating episodes of diarrhoea and constipation. Stress, dietary factors, and lifestyle changes can trigger or worsen IBS symptoms. IBD, which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is another important cause and can lead to more serious complications if not properly managed 137.
Food allergies and intolerances, such as lactose intolerance, are also common non-infectious causes. These conditions can lead to abdominal pain and diarrhoea after consuming certain foods, and symptoms often improve with dietary adjustments .
Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) and Persistent Symptoms
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasingly recognized as a cause of stomach ache and persistent diarrhoea, especially in older adults and those who have recently used antibiotics. CDI is characterized by slimy stools, stomach pain, weight loss, and diarrhoea that can last more than two weeks. It is important to consider CDI not only in hospitalized patients but also in those attending general practice with ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly in the elderly 56.
Other Contributing Factors: Stress and Chronic Pancreatitis
Stress is a well-known trigger for both stomach ache and diarrhoea, particularly in individuals with underlying bowel disorders like IBS. Chronic pancreatitis, though less common, can also cause long-standing abdominal pain and episodes of diarrhoea, especially after eating or drinking alcohol. This condition may also lead to jaundice and requires medical attention 17.
Conclusion
Stomach ache and diarrhoea have a wide range of causes, with infections (such as gastroenteritis and norovirus), chronic bowel disorders (like IBS and IBD), food intolerances, and Clostridium difficile infection being the most common. Stress and chronic conditions like pancreatitis can also contribute. Identifying the underlying cause is important for effective management and treatment, especially when symptoms are persistent or severe 1234+3 MORE.
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