does iq change

Introduction

The concept of intelligence quotient (IQ) and its potential for change over time is a subject of considerable interest in psychological and neuroscientific research. IQ is often regarded as a stable measure of cognitive abilities, but recent studies have begun to explore the dynamics of IQ change across different age groups and contexts.

Key Insights from Research Papers

IQ change in children is often negligible, unreliable, or both, with a minority experiencing significant, real changes that are variable and transient.
During teenage years, both verbal and non-verbal IQ can fluctuate, with changes correlating with local brain structure alterations, suggesting that intellectual capacity can increase or decrease relative to peers.
Intelligence, while influenced by genetic factors, declines with age and is shaped by cohort-specific exposures and formal education, indicating that it is not easily altered.
In schizophrenia patients and their siblings, IQ tends to increase over time, with siblings showing a more pronounced improvement, although these changes are not correlated with clinical outcomes.
Genetic and environmental factors contribute to IQ change, with genes playing a significant role in IQ persistence over time, suggesting a need to revise developmental stereotypes.
Cross-national differences in IQ scores are associated with educational factors and economic conditions, implying that cognitive abilities can adapt to societal demands.
Preschoolers with developmental delays can experience significant IQ increases, influenced by initial diagnosis and intervention, although predicting individual outcomes remains challenging.
Historical increases in population mean IQ in the United States may be linked to greater access to schooling and the cognitive demands of educational curricula, particularly in mathematics.
In ADHD, the relationship between IQ and brain anatomy differs from controls, with variations in brain development trajectories based on whether individuals have above or below median IQ.
Changes in cortical thickness and surface area over time are related to IQ, with more intelligent children showing different patterns of brain development compared to those with lower IQ.

Conclusion

The research indicates that IQ is not a static measure and can change over time, with variations observed in different age groups and under various conditions. While some changes may be attributed to measurement error or transient factors, others are associated with structural brain development, educational exposure, and genetic and environmental influences. The relationship between IQ and brain anatomy is complex, and changes in cortical development appear to be linked to cognitive functioning. Overall, the potential for IQ change seems to be influenced by a combination of individual, developmental, and societal factors.

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Summary

Introduction

Key Insights from Research Papers

Conclusion

Sources and full results

The natural history of change in intellectual performance: who changes? How much? Is it meaningful?

IQ change is minimal in most children and unreliable, but real change occurs in a minority, with variable timing, idiosyncratic sources, and transient courses.

Verbal and nonverbal intelligence changes in the teenage brain

Verbal and non-verbal IQ can rise or fall in the teenage years, with changes in brain structure correlating to these changes in performance.

What is intelligence

Intelligence is a heritable component of intellect that relates to the acquisition of knowledge, changes over life-span, and is influenced by cohort specific exposures and formal education for its development.

Change in IQ in schizophrenia patients and their siblings: a controlled longitudinal study

IQ increases over time in schizophrenia patients and their siblings, with siblings showing a more pronounced improvement than patients and controls.

Modeling IQ change: evidence from the Texas Adoption Project.

Genetics contribute more to IQ change than family environment, with both factors significant at first but genes making a greater contribution between first and second measurements.

Educational and ecological correlates of IQ: A cross-national investigation

Cross-national differences in IQ scores are primarily explained by enrollment in secondary education, illiteracy rates, and agricultural worker proportions, with low birth weights also contributing.

Predicting IQ Change in Preschoolers with Developmental Delays

Initial diagnosis may help predict IQ change in young children with developmental delays, as initial diagnosis may help differentiate between potential IQ gains and mental retardation.

Rising mean IQ: Cognitive demand of mathematics education for young children, population exposure to formal schooling, and the neurobiology of the prefrontal cortex

The rise in population mean IQ in the US may be due to increased access to schooling and educational practices, uncorrelated with genetic propensity for intelligence.

Differential Brain Development with Low and High IQ in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD with above-median IQ is associated with stable global reductions in brain volume, while ADHD with below-median IQ is associated with a delay in cortical development.

Changes in thickness and surface area of the human cortex and their relationship with intelligence.

Higher intelligence is associated with thinner cortexes and faster thinning of the brain, with the cortex continuing to develop and expand intelligence-dependently.

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