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Early Detection and Diagnosis of Heart Blockages
Coronary Artery Blockage Detection
Cardiovascular Modeling for Early Detection
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a condition where plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, leading to blockages that can severely impact heart function and potentially cause heart attacks. Early detection of these blockages is crucial for preventing severe outcomes. One innovative approach involves modeling cardiovascular circulation as a sixth-order nonlinear system, using a pressure-voltage analogy to represent blood circulation as an electrical system. This model separates the coronary path from the systemic load, allowing for explicit modeling of coronary arterial resistance. Increased coronary resistance, which reduces the left ventricular ejection fraction, can serve as an index for detecting coronary arterial blockages early1.
Heart Block and Its Clinical Implications
Types and Causes of Heart Block
Heart block refers to the interruption of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles. This can occur at various points in the conduction system, such as the bundle of His or its branches, leading to conditions like bundle-branch block (BBB)2. Complete heart block, where the electrical signal fails to travel from the atria to the ventricles, can result from various causes, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and surgical trauma3 5 9.
Clinical Features and Treatment
Complete heart block can present with symptoms such as severe chest pain, breathlessness, excessive palpitation, vertigo, and sweating. It is often associated with conditions like coronary artery disease, hypertensive heart disease, and myocardial infarction3 5. Treatment may involve the use of pacemakers, especially in cases where heart block complicates acute myocardial infarction. Pacemaker therapy can help manage the heart rate and improve prognosis, although the effectiveness can vary based on the severity and location of the infarction8.
Advanced Diagnostic Techniques
Deep Learning Models for BBB Detection
Advanced diagnostic techniques, such as deep learning models, have been developed to improve the detection of bundle-branch block (BBB). These models utilize vectorcardiography (VCG) signals, which provide detailed information about the heart's physiological states. By applying a novel filter-fusion technique to remove artifacts and using S-T spectrograms of smoothed VCG signals, these models can achieve high detection accuracy. For instance, an improved deep learning model (IDLM) has demonstrated a detection accuracy of 98.80%, making it a powerful tool for diagnosing BBB7.
Conclusion
Early detection and accurate diagnosis of heart blockages are critical for effective treatment and prevention of severe cardiac events. Innovative approaches, such as cardiovascular modeling and advanced deep learning techniques, offer promising solutions for identifying coronary artery blockages and heart block conditions. These advancements can significantly improve patient outcomes by enabling timely and precise interventions.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
Modeling of cardiovascular circulation for the early detection of coronary arterial blockage.
The study developed a cardiovascular modeling technique that can effectively detect early coronary arterial blockage by estimating coronary arterial resistance from blood pressure measurements.
Heart Block
Heart block occurs when the impulse from auricles to ventricles is partially or completely interrupted, with bundle-branch block occurring in cases of ordinary heart block.
Some Clinical Features of Complete Heart Block
Complete heart block is a common condition with various causes and clinical features, affecting sex and age, and requiring various treatments.
Highly CitedHeart block and coronary artery disease.
Chronic heart block is often not caused by significant coronary artery disease, but rather by pathological changes in the conduction system.
Case Report On: Complete Heart Block
Complete heart block occurs when the electrical signals between the upper and lower chambers of the heart are blocked, leading to severe chest pain, breathlessness, excessive palpitation, vertigo, and sweating.
Case ReportAetiology of Complete Heart-block
Complete heart-block in the elderly is not always due to coronary sclerosis, as previously assumed, and may be caused by other factors.
Literature ReviewHighly CitedAn Improved Deep Learning Model for Automated Detection of BBB Using S-T Spectrograms of Smoothed VCG Signal
The improved deep learning model (IDLM) using S-T spectrograms of smoothed VCG signals accurately detects bundle branch block (BBB) with a 98.80% detection accuracy, making it computationally faster and efficient than existing models.
Advanced heart block as a complication of acute myocardial infarction. Role of pacemaker therapy.
Advanced heart block in acute myocardial infarction is more common in diaphragmatic infarctions, with a more favorable prognosis for those with narrow QRS complexes and no serious complications.
Literature ReviewHighly Cited