Chest pain can be caused by indigestion, reflux, muscle strains, shingles, pleurisy, bronchitis, and other chest infections.

Chest Pain

Chest pain can be accurately diagnosed through a thorough history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests, including troponin levels, cardiac stress testing, and D-dimer assays.

Diagnosing the cause of chest pain.

Chest pain can be accurately diagnosed and treated based on its cause, with gastroesophageal disorders being the most prevalent noncardiac cause.

Chest pain of cardiac and noncardiac origin.

This paper highlights the importance of accurately identifying life-threatening and serious causes of chest pain in primary care patients, while avoiding overtesting and overtreating less serious causes.

Evaluation of chest pain in primary care patients.

Hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) often causes chest pain, and careful history and physical examination can differentiate it from coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAHD), avoiding unnecessary coronary angiography.

Hyperventilation syndrome: a frequent cause of chest pain.

Acute chest pain should be evaluated urgently and comprehensively to determine the cause and manage it effectively.

Acute Chest Pain

Chronic heart failure patients often report pain, but it is unlikely to be due to angina, even in those with underlying coronary heart disease.

Do patients with chronic heart failure have chest pain?

A thorough clinical assessment, including physical examination and medical history, is crucial for diagnosing acute chest pain, which can range from life-threatening conditions to harmless muscular tension and gastrointestinal causes.

[Chest pain].

Chest pain can be caused by various diseases, and its evaluation requires immediate recognition and exclusion of potentially life-threatening etiologies, followed by evaluation of other possible causes.

Evaluation of Chest Pain

The 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain recommends an evidence-based approach to risk stratification and diagnostic workup, with shared decision-making with patients.

2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.

This guideline aims to assess and diagnose recent onset chest pain/discomfort of suspected cardiac origin, emphasizing the importance of timely and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment and improved outcomes.

NICE guidance. Chest pain of recent onset: assessment and diagnosis of recent onset chest pain or discomfort of suspected cardiac origin

Cancer patients and survivors have an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, and a cardio-oncology team can help identify cancer therapy-related cardiovascular side-effects and provide optimal multidisciplinary care.

Chest Pain in the Cancer Patient

A strategic approach integrating risk stratification, sensitive cardiac biomarkers, and non-invasive tests can minimize short-term adverse cardiac events in patients with chest pain.

The approach to patients with possible cardiac chest pain

Chest pain in acute cholecystitis can be atypical and non-cardiac, highlighting the importance of differential diagnosis and multidisciplinary collaboration.

Chest pain as an atypical symptom of acute cholecystitis

Chest pain in children is often benign and caused by non-cardiac causes, with the most common causes being costochondritis, chest wall muscle pain due to trauma, and respiratory tract diseases.

Chest Pain in Children

Multidisciplinary management of non-cardiac chest pain is crucial, with gastroenterological expertise being crucial due to frequent non-cardiac causes.

Non-Cardiac Chest Pain

Noncardiac chest pain is a prevalent disorder with high healthcare utilization and significant work absenteeism, mainly caused by gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal dysmotility, and esophageal hypersensitivity.

Noncardiac Chest Pain: Epidemiology, Natural Course and Pathogenesis

Chest pain is a common medical symptom, and understanding its causes, signs, and symptoms can help identify its cause and manage it effectively.

Recognising, assessing and managing chest pain

This paper updates decision algorithms and diagnostic pathways for emergency departments to effectively assess and triage patients with chest pain symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndromes.

Diagnosis and risk stratification of chest pain patients in the emergency department: focus on acute coronary syndromes. A position paper of the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association

Women with heart disease often receive different treatment for chest pain compared to men, especially when diagnosis is uncertain.

The evaluation of chest pain in women.

These studies suggest chest pain can be caused by gastrointestinal issues, muscle strains, infections, hyperventilation syndrome, and other diseases, and requires thorough evaluation to identify and manage potentially life-threatening conditions.