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These studies suggest that child marriage can be interpreted through frameworks involving marriageability, human insecurity, social norms, legal issues, and intimate partner violence.
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The concept of "marriageability" is pivotal in understanding child marriage dynamics. Marriageability encompasses both eligibility—perceived readiness for marriage—and desirability or value on the marriage market. This framework suggests that societal pressures to capitalize on a girl's marriageability before it declines drive the persistence of child marriage. By examining marriageability in context, particularly in regions with limited evidence on interventions, researchers can propose ways to critically examine and disrupt pathways to child marriage.
A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies identified six main themes influencing child marriage: human insecurity and conflict, legal issues, family values and circumstances, religious beliefs, individual circumstances, beliefs, and knowledge, and social norms. Despite global progress in legislation against child marriage, enforcement remains insufficient in many settings. This synthesis highlights the need for more studies from regions like Latin America and Southeast Asia, which have high rates of child marriage.
Routine activity theory, initially developed to explain property crimes, has been applied to understand child marriage victimization. This theory posits that child marriage can be explained through two dimensions: the underlying causes of its occurrence and the dynamics of intimate partner violence within such marriages. Research conducted in Tamil Nadu, India, supports this application, revealing that certain victims of child marriage do not perceive themselves as victims due to the societal and cultural justifications of their circumstances.
A simplified conceptual framework has been developed to identify key drivers of child marriage, providing entry points for designing context-specific programs and policies. This tool is intended for use by researchers, donors, and program practitioners to tailor interventions effectively to the unique drivers present in different contexts.
A juridical analysis conducted in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, reveals that public understanding of child marriage is often limited to religious legality, with little awareness of the legal and biological consequences. The study highlights that, despite legal provisions, societal norms and limited enforcement continue to allow child marriages. The legal framework now considers married children as minors until they turn 18, although they are treated as adults in civil activities if legally married.
Understanding child marriage requires a multifaceted approach, incorporating concepts like marriageability, key influencing factors, and theoretical frameworks such as routine activity theory. By examining these elements, researchers and policymakers can develop more effective interventions to combat child marriage and support affected individuals.
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