Choline chloride DES for herb extraction
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Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents for Herb Extraction
Introduction to Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES)
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as a green and sustainable alternative to traditional organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials. These solvents are particularly attractive due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, and ability to be tailored for specific extraction needs .
Choline Chloride-Based DES for Phenolic Compounds Extraction
Rosemary Leaves
Choline chloride-based DES have shown significant promise in extracting phenolic compounds from rosemary leaves. In one study, the use of choline chloride:1,2-propanediol (CPH) DES resulted in a total phenolic content (TPC) up to 220% higher than the control. The optimized conditions (65°C, liquid:solid ratio of 40:1, and 50% water) yielded extracts with strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Olive Leaves
Similarly, choline chloride-based DES have been effective in extracting phenolic compounds from olive leaves. A combination of choline chloride and acetic acid was found to extract 15% more phenolic compounds than ethanol under optimal conditions (54.1°C, 50% water addition). Another study using choline chloride-ethylene glycol DES demonstrated comparable extraction yields to conventional solvents, further highlighting the potential of DES in phenolic extraction.
Flavonoid Extraction Using Choline Chloride-Based DES
Sedative Plant Composition
Choline chloride-based DES have also been used to extract flavonoids from a sedative plant composition. The maximum yield of flavonoids was achieved using a 50% aqueous solution of DES composed of choline chloride, glucose, and water at 60°C. This method outperformed traditional solvents like 70% ethanol in terms of extraction efficiency.
Sea Buckthorn Leaves
In another study, choline chloride-based DES were used to extract flavonoids from sea buckthorn leaves. The extraction efficiencies of the target flavonoids were significantly superior to those obtained using 70% ethanol. The optimal conditions yielded a total maximum extraction of 20.820 mg/g, which was 1.321-2.400 times higher than traditional methods.
Application in Herbicide Extraction
Choline chloride-based DES have also been applied in the extraction of sulfonylurea herbicides from water samples. A novel DES containing choline chloride and ethylene glycol was synthesized and used in magnetic solid phase extraction. This method demonstrated high enrichment factors and recovery rates, showcasing the versatility of DES in different extraction applications.
Conclusion
Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DES) have proven to be highly effective in extracting a variety of bioactive compounds from herbs and plant materials. Their ability to outperform traditional solvents in terms of efficiency and sustainability makes them a promising alternative for future extraction processes. The versatility of DES, combined with their green chemistry credentials, positions them as a valuable tool in the extraction of natural products.
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