Cold and fever temperature
Pro Research Analysisby 
Searched over 200M research papers
Understanding Cold and Fever Temperature: Insights from Recent Research
Normal Body Temperature and Fever Definition
Historically, a normal body temperature has been considered to be around 37.0°C (98.6°F). Fever is typically defined as a body temperature of 38.3°C (101°F) or higher . This elevation in temperature is a common physiological response to infection and other medical conditions.
Fever in Critically Ill Patients
Fever is prevalent among patients in intensive care units, occurring in about half of these cases. It can result from both infectious and noninfectious causes and is associated with an increased risk of mortality in critically ill patients. The management of fever in these patients is complex and controversial. While reducing fever can improve comfort and lower metabolic demand, it may also interfere with the body's natural immune response to infection.
Molecular Mechanisms of Fever
Recent studies have shed light on the molecular controls of fever. One key finding is the role of RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3), which responds to cold stress and modulates the expression of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) known as thermomiRs. These thermomiRs, including miR-142-5p and miR-143, target immune genes and help regulate the fever response. Reduced RBM3 levels during fever lead to increased expression of these thermomiRs, which in turn target pyrogens like IL-6 and TNF, forming a negative feedback loop to prevent excessive hyperthermia.
Fever and Immune System Regulation
Fever has been a conserved response across vertebrates for over 600 million years, highlighting its importance in survival during infections. The thermal element of fever stimulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Pyrogenic cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6), play multiple roles in fever induction and the mobilization of lymphocytes to lymphoid organs, which are crucial for immune defense. Additionally, adrenergic signaling pathways associated with thermogenesis also influence immune cell function.
Folk Models and Medical Treatment
In some communities, traditional beliefs about illness, such as the notion of "feed a cold, starve a fever," persist alongside modern medical practices. These folk models often influence how patients perceive and respond to medical treatment. Physicians sometimes accommodate these beliefs to help patients make sense of their treatment, demonstrating the negotiable nature of biomedical diagnoses and care.
Conclusion
Fever is a complex physiological response with significant implications for patient care, especially in critically ill individuals. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and immune regulation associated with fever can inform better management strategies. Additionally, recognizing the interplay between traditional beliefs and medical practices can enhance patient care and treatment adherence.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic