Concrete

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Advances in Concrete Technology: High-Performance, Lightweight, and Eco-Friendly Innovations

High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (HPFRC)

Keywords: High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete, HPFRC, mechanical properties, durability

High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (HPFRC) has gained significant traction in the construction industry due to its enhanced mechanical properties and durability. The addition of short discrete fibers to concrete helps counteract and prevent crack propagation, which is a common issue due to plastic and drying shrinkage. HPFRC has been shown to improve tensile strength, flexural strength, and ductility performance. Additionally, it reduces shrinkage and creep deformations. However, the inclusion of fibers, particularly steel fibers, can negatively impact the workability and electrical resistivity of the concrete, and may also reduce its chloride penetration resistance.

Lightweight Concrete with Recycled Materials

Keywords: Lightweight concrete, artificial aggregate, plastic waste, compressive strength

The development of lightweight concrete using artificial aggregates manufactured from plastic waste has shown promising results. By progressively increasing the amount of artificial aggregate, researchers found that the slump and density of the concrete decreased, while maintaining relatively good compressive strength properties (20 MPa at 28 days). This type of concrete is suitable for non-structural applications such as facades and sound barriers. However, further research is needed to assess its durability, especially for applications subjected to wear and tear.

High-Strength Concrete with Crushed Sands

Keywords: High-strength concrete, crushed sands, compressive strength, workability

High-strength concrete (HSC) has been enhanced by using crushed sands instead of natural sand. Although crushed sands require an increased amount of superplasticizer to achieve the same workability, they result in higher compressive strength compared to natural sand concrete. The mineralogical source of the crushed sands also plays a role, with granite crushed sand being the most advantageous for improving strength. However, the shape and texture of crushed sands can adversely affect the workability of the concrete.

Impact Resistance of High-Strength Concrete

Keywords: Impact resistance, high-strength concrete, steel fibers, compressive strength

High-strength concrete with compressive strengths ranging from 45 to 235 MPa has been studied for its resistance to projectile impact. The results indicate that higher compressive strength generally reduces penetration depth and crater diameter, although the trend is not linear. The inclusion of steel fibers helps reduce crater diameter and crack propagation but does not significantly affect penetration depth. High-strength fiber-reinforced concrete with a compressive strength of around 100 MPa is considered most efficient for protection against projectile impact.

Eco-Friendly Reinforced Concrete

Keywords: Eco-friendly concrete, polypropylene fiber, reed rods, tensile strength

Efforts to produce economical and eco-friendly reinforced concrete slabs have shown that incorporating polypropylene fibers and reed rods can enhance the concrete's properties. Polypropylene fibers improve compressive and tensile strength, while reed rods treated with epoxy increase bonding strength and reduce absorption. This approach not only improves the structural performance but also offers a sustainable alternative for low-cost building construction.

Durability Enhancements with Agricultural Waste

Keywords: Durability, agricultural waste, cement replacement, sulfate resistance

The use of agricultural waste such as corn stalk, wheat straw, and sunflower stalk ash as partial replacements for cement, along with barite and colemanite as fine aggregate replacements, has been investigated for improving the durability of concrete. These materials enhance the compressive strength, abrasion resistance, and freeze-thaw durability of concrete. Additionally, they improve the radiation shielding properties, making the concrete suitable for various applications.

Conclusion

The advancements in concrete technology, including the development of HPFRC, lightweight concrete with recycled materials, high-strength concrete with crushed sands, and eco-friendly reinforced concrete, demonstrate significant improvements in mechanical properties, durability, and sustainability. These innovations are paving the way for more efficient and environmentally friendly construction practices. Further research and development are essential to optimize these materials for broader applications and to ensure their long-term performance.