Coughing disease names
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Common Causes of Chronic Cough: An Overview
Chronic cough, defined as a cough lasting more than eight weeks, is a prevalent condition that can significantly impact a person's quality of life. Understanding the underlying causes is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. This article synthesizes findings from multiple studies to highlight the most common diseases associated with chronic cough.
Upper Airway Cough Syndrome (UACS)
Rhinosinus Conditions and Postnasal Drip
Upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), previously known as postnasal drip syndrome, is frequently cited as a leading cause of chronic cough. UACS can result from various rhinosinus conditions, including allergic rhinitis, perennial nonallergic rhinitis, and chronic sinusitis . The symptoms are often nonspecific, making it challenging to diagnose based solely on medical history and physical examination.
Asthma and Nonasthmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis (NAEB)
Asthma
Asthma is another major contributor to chronic cough. It is characterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, which can lead to persistent coughing . Asthma-related cough is often accompanied by other symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath.
Nonasthmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis
Nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB) is similar to asthma but without the airway hyperresponsiveness. It is a significant cause of chronic cough and is often diagnosed through the presence of eosinophils in the sputum .
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Acid Reflux and Cough
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is another common cause of chronic cough. Acid reflux can irritate the esophagus and respiratory tract, leading to a persistent cough . GERD-related cough may occur without the typical symptoms of heartburn, making it a silent contributor to chronic cough.
Bronchiectasis and Tracheobronchial Collapse
Structural Lung Diseases
Bronchiectasis, a condition characterized by the permanent enlargement of parts of the airways, and tracheobronchial collapse are also notable causes of chronic cough. These conditions lead to mucus accumulation and recurrent infections, which can trigger coughing .
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis, a form of COPD, is defined by a productive cough lasting for at least three months over two consecutive years. It is primarily caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke and industrial pollutants . Effective management includes avoiding these irritants and using bronchodilators and corticosteroids.
Environmental and Occupational Factors
Air Pollution and Occupational Hazards
Environmental pollutants, including cigarette smoke and industrial chemicals, can contribute to chronic cough. Occupational exposures to irritants and allergens can lead to conditions like occupational asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which are associated with chronic cough .
Conclusion
Chronic cough is a multifaceted condition with various potential causes. The most common include upper airway cough syndrome, asthma, nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Environmental and occupational factors also play a significant role. Accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment are essential for managing chronic cough effectively.
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