Covid sore throat
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COVID-19 and Sore Throat: Clinical Insights and Trends
Prevalence of Sore Throat in COVID-19 Patients
Sore throat is a recognized symptom of COVID-19, though its prevalence varies. Initial studies indicated that sore throat was relatively uncommon, appearing in about 10% of cases . However, more recent data suggest an increase in the prevalence of sore throat, particularly with the emergence of new viral variants such as Alpha and Delta, which are more frequently associated with otolaryngologic symptoms. This trend highlights the evolving nature of COVID-19 symptoms as the virus mutates and spreads.
Comparison with Other Symptoms
While sore throat is a symptom of COVID-19, it is less common compared to fever, cough, and fatigue. Fever and cough are the most frequently reported symptoms, with sore throat being less prevalent . In children, sore throat is one of the more common symptoms, alongside fever, but it is less likely to be present in cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). This indicates that while sore throat is a notable symptom, it is not as dominant as other respiratory symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
Diagnostic Challenges
The presence of sore throat in COVID-19 patients can complicate diagnosis, as it is also a common symptom of other respiratory infections like influenza and the common cold. Studies have shown that sore throat is less frequently reported in COVID-19 compared to influenza and the common cold, where it appears in a higher percentage of cases. This overlap necessitates careful diagnostic procedures, including real-time PCR and imaging, to accurately identify COVID-19 .
ENT Manifestations and Clinical Implications
Otolaryngological symptoms, including sore throat, are significant in the clinical presentation of COVID-19. These symptoms often appear early in the disease course and can precede more severe manifestations . ENT specialists are at high risk of exposure due to the nature of their work, emphasizing the need for stringent protective measures during patient examinations and procedures.
Case Reports and Mucosal Involvement
Case reports have documented sore throat as an early symptom in COVID-19, sometimes accompanied by mucosal lesions in the oropharynx. These lesions can include erythema, petechiae, and pustules, which may worsen before improving with treatment. Such findings underscore the importance of thorough oral examinations in suspected COVID-19 cases, despite the challenges posed by the pandemic.
Conclusion
Sore throat is a recognized but less common symptom of COVID-19, with its prevalence influenced by emerging viral variants. While it is an important clinical feature, it is overshadowed by more frequent symptoms like fever and cough. Accurate diagnosis requires distinguishing sore throat from similar symptoms in other respiratory infections. ENT manifestations, including sore throat, highlight the need for protective measures for healthcare providers and thorough patient evaluations. As the virus evolves, ongoing research and adaptation of clinical practices are essential to manage and understand the full spectrum of COVID-19 symptoms.
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