Creatine supplementation has several health and therapeutic benefits throughout the lifespan, including promoting general health, enhancing cellular metabolism, and aiding in recovery from injury and managing chronic diseases.

Creatine in Health and Disease

Creatine supplementation is safe and effective for short-duration, maximal-intensity resistance training, but its long-term safety and impact on sports performance remain unclear.

Creatine Use in Sports

Creatine may enhance short-duration, high-intensity exercise performance, but is not useful for endurance sports, and its use should be balanced with potential risks, including renal dysfunction.

Creatine: a review of efficacy and safety.

Creatine supplementation improves muscular strength and well-being in muscular dystrophies, prevents statin myopathy, and treats treatment-resistant depression in women, with safety up to 20 g/d.

Beyond sports: Efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation in pathological or paraphysiological conditions of brain and muscle

Creatine treatment increases muscle strength and improves functional performance in muscular dystrophy and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, but does not show significant improvement in metabolic myopathies and may worsen ADL and muscle pain in McArdle disease.

Creatine for treating muscle disorders.

Creatine supplementation enhances muscle strength and fat-free mass gains in older adults, with no significant side effects.

Creatine supplementation enhances isometric strength and body composition improvements following strength exercise training in older adults.

Creatine and creatinine metabolism play crucial roles in physiology and human pathology, with deregulation of the creatine kinase system linked to various diseases and potential therapeutic benefits.

Creatine and creatinine metabolism.

Long-term use of creatine as an ergogenic aid for athletes has not been fully addressed, but its effectiveness in regenerating ATP in muscle cells has been shown in numerous studies.

Creatine: a dietary supplement and ergogenic aid.

Creatine supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for improving vascular health in at-risk populations like older adults or those with cardiovascular disease.

The Evolving Applications of Creatine Supplementation: Could Creatine Improve Vascular Health?

Creatine supplementation improves exercise performance, enhances recovery, and is safe and well-tolerated for use in healthy individuals and various patient populations.

International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine

Creatine supplementation improves maximal exercise performance by increasing phosphocreatine concentration in Type II muscle fibers, potentially through increased ATP resynthesis during exercise.

The nutritional biochemistry of creatine

Creatine supplementation can increase creatine levels in skeletal muscle and enhance high intensity intermittent exercise performance, but not endurance exercise or maximal oxygen uptake.

Creatine in Humans with Special Reference to Creatine Supplementation

Creatine supplementation improves short-duration, high-intensity exercise performance and may speed up recovery time, but its benefits during endurance exercise and tasks with increased body mass may be contradictory.

Creatine for Exercise and Sports Performance, with Recovery Considerations for Healthy Populations

Supplementing the general public with creatine may benefit their health and growth, with favorable safety and promising impacts from small-sampled interventional studies.

Creatine as a food supplement for the general population

The creatine kinase/creatine phosphate system plays a crucial role in cellular bioenergetics and cell survival, and its dysregulation contributes to various diseases.

Metabolic Basis of Creatine in Health and Disease: A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review

Creatine monohydrate supplementation effectively increases muscle creatine content, while creatyl-L-leucine does not.

Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation, but not Creatyl-L-Leucine, Increased Muscle Creatine Content in Healthy Young Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Creatine supplementation may serve as an adjuvant therapy for managing vascular health in at-risk populations by exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

The Potential Role of Creatine in Vascular Health

Creatine supplementation over 2 years did not improve bone health, lean mass, or muscle function in older, postmenopausal women with osteopenia.

Creatine supplementation (3 g/day) and bone health in older women: a 2-year, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Creatine supplementation shows potential in improving cognitive processing and brain health, particularly in conditions with brain creatine deficits.

Creatine Supplementation and Brain Health

Creatine supplementation may be useful in heart failure, ischemia, and preventing cardiac toxicity from chemotherapy compounds like anthracyclines.

Role of Creatine in the Heart: Health and Disease

These studies suggest that creatine supplementation has multiple health benefits, including enhancing muscle strength, aiding recovery, and improving certain medical conditions, while being generally safe, though its long-term safety and effectiveness in endurance sports remain unclear.